基于不完全匹配的时间戳的pandas合并

2024-04-26 05:16:07 发布

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有哪些方法可用于合并时间戳不完全匹配的列?

DF1型:

date    start_time  employee_id session_id
01/01/2016  01/01/2016 06:03:13 7261824 871631182

DF2型:

date    start_time  employee_id session_id
01/01/2016  01/01/2016 06:03:37 7261824 871631182

我可以在['日期','员工id','会话id']加入,但有时同一个员工在同一日期会有多个相同的会话,这会导致重复。我可以删除发生这种情况的行,但如果这样做,我将丢失有效会话。

如果DF1的时间戳与DF2的时间戳相差<;5分钟,并且会话id和员工id也匹配,是否有有效的方法加入?如果有匹配的记录,那么时间戳总是比DF1稍晚,因为事件是在未来某个点触发的。

['employee_id', 'session_id', 'timestamp<5minutes']

编辑-我以为以前会有人遇到这个问题。

我在想这样做:

  1. 在每个数据帧上记下我的时间戳
  2. 创建一个时间戳+5分钟(四舍五入)的列
  3. 创建一个时间戳为-5分钟(四舍五入)的列
  4. 创建一个10分钟的间隔字符串以连接上的文件

    df1['low_time'] = df1['start_time'] - timedelta(minutes=5)
    df1['high_time'] = df1['start_time'] + timedelta(minutes=5)
    df1['interval_string'] = df1['low_time'].astype(str) + df1['high_time'].astype(str)
    

有人知道如何把这5分钟的间隔精确到5分钟吗?

02:59:37-5分钟=02:55:00

02:59:37+5分钟=03:05:00

间隔字符串='02:55:00-03:05:00'

pd.merge(df1, df2, how = 'left', on = ['employee_id', 'session_id', 'date', 'interval_string']

有人知道怎么打发时间吗?这似乎是可行的。您仍然根据日期、员工和会话进行匹配,然后查找基本上在相同的10分钟间隔或范围内的时间


Tags: 方法字符串iddate间隔timesession时间
2条回答

请考虑以下问题的小版本:

from io import StringIO
from pandas import read_csv, to_datetime

# how close do sessions have to be to be considered equal? (in minutes)
threshold = 5

# datetime column (combination of date + start_time)
dtc = [['date', 'start_time']]

# index column (above combination)
ixc = 'date_start_time'

df1 = read_csv(StringIO(u'''
date,start_time,employee_id,session_id
01/01/2016,02:03:00,7261824,871631182
01/01/2016,06:03:00,7261824,871631183
01/01/2016,11:01:00,7261824,871631184
01/01/2016,14:01:00,7261824,871631185
'''), parse_dates=dtc)

df2 = read_csv(StringIO(u'''
date,start_time,employee_id,session_id
01/01/2016,02:03:00,7261824,871631182
01/01/2016,06:05:00,7261824,871631183
01/01/2016,11:04:00,7261824,871631184
01/01/2016,14:10:00,7261824,871631185
'''), parse_dates=dtc)

它给予

>>> df1
      date_start_time  employee_id  session_id
0 2016-01-01 02:03:00      7261824   871631182
1 2016-01-01 06:03:00      7261824   871631183
2 2016-01-01 11:01:00      7261824   871631184
3 2016-01-01 14:01:00      7261824   871631185
>>> df2
      date_start_time  employee_id  session_id
0 2016-01-01 02:03:00      7261824   871631182
1 2016-01-01 06:05:00      7261824   871631183
2 2016-01-01 11:04:00      7261824   871631184
3 2016-01-01 14:10:00      7261824   871631185

合并时,您希望将df2[0:3]视为df1[0:3]的副本(因为它们之间的间隔分别小于5分钟),但将df1[3]df2[3]视为单独的会话。

解决方案1:区间匹配

这基本上就是你在编辑中的建议。要将两个表中的时间戳映射到以时间戳四舍五入到最接近的5分钟为中心的10分钟间隔。

每个间隔可以由其中点唯一地表示,因此可以合并时间戳上的数据帧,四舍五入到最接近的5分钟。例如:

import numpy as np

# half-threshold in nanoseconds
threshold_ns = threshold * 60 * 1e9

# compute "interval" to which each session belongs
df1['interval'] = to_datetime(np.round(df1.date_start_time.astype(np.int64) / threshold_ns) * threshold_ns)
df2['interval'] = to_datetime(np.round(df2.date_start_time.astype(np.int64) / threshold_ns) * threshold_ns)

# join
cols = ['interval', 'employee_id', 'session_id']
print df1.merge(df2, on=cols, how='outer')[cols]

哪个指纹

             interval  employee_id  session_id
0 2016-01-01 02:05:00      7261824   871631182
1 2016-01-01 06:05:00      7261824   871631183
2 2016-01-01 11:00:00      7261824   871631184
3 2016-01-01 14:00:00      7261824   871631185
4 2016-01-01 11:05:00      7261824   871631184
5 2016-01-01 14:10:00      7261824   871631185

注意这不是完全正确的。会话df1[2]df2[2]虽然间隔只有3分钟,但它们不被视为重复。这是因为它们位于区间边界的不同侧面。

解决方案2:一对一匹配

这是另一种方法,它取决于df1中的会话在df2中有零个或一个重复的条件。

我们将df1中的时间戳替换为df2中最接近的时间戳,该时间戳与employee_idsession_id匹配,并且不到5分钟。

from datetime import timedelta

# get closest match from "df2" to row from "df1" (as long as it's below the threshold)
def closest(row):
    matches = df2.loc[(df2.employee_id == row.employee_id) &
                      (df2.session_id == row.session_id)]

    deltas = matches.date_start_time - row.date_start_time
    deltas = deltas.loc[deltas <= timedelta(minutes=threshold)]

    try:
        return matches.loc[deltas.idxmin()]
    except ValueError:  # no items
        return row

# replace timestamps in "df1" with closest timestamps in "df2"
df1 = df1.apply(closest, axis=1)

# join
cols = ['date_start_time', 'employee_id', 'session_id']
print df1.merge(df2, on=cols, how='outer')[cols]

哪个指纹

      date_start_time  employee_id  session_id
0 2016-01-01 02:03:00      7261824   871631182
1 2016-01-01 06:05:00      7261824   871631183
2 2016-01-01 11:04:00      7261824   871631184
3 2016-01-01 14:01:00      7261824   871631185
4 2016-01-01 14:10:00      7261824   871631185

这种方法要慢得多,因为您必须搜索df2中每一行的整个df1。我所写的可能会进一步优化,但在大型数据集上仍然需要很长时间。

我会尝试在熊猫身上使用这种方法:

^{}

你感兴趣的参数是directiontoleranceleft_onright_on

构建@Igor答案:

import pandas as pd
from pandas import read_csv
from io import StringIO

# datetime column (combination of date + start_time)
dtc = [['date', 'start_time']]

# index column (above combination)
ixc = 'date_start_time'

df1 = read_csv(StringIO(u'''
date,start_time,employee_id,session_id
01/01/2016,02:03:00,7261824,871631182
01/01/2016,06:03:00,7261824,871631183
01/01/2016,11:01:00,7261824,871631184
01/01/2016,14:01:00,7261824,871631185
'''), parse_dates=dtc)

df2 = read_csv(StringIO(u'''
date,start_time,employee_id,session_id
01/01/2016,02:03:00,7261824,871631182
01/01/2016,06:05:00,7261824,871631183
01/01/2016,11:04:00,7261824,871631184
01/01/2016,14:10:00,7261824,871631185
'''), parse_dates=dtc)



df1['date_start_time'] = pd.to_datetime(df1['date_start_time'])
df2['date_start_time'] = pd.to_datetime(df2['date_start_time'])

# converting this to the index so we can preserve the date_start_time columns so you can validate the merging logic
df1.index = df1['date_start_time']
df2.index = df2['date_start_time']
# the magic happens below, check the direction and tolerance arguments
tol = pd.Timedelta('5 minute')
pd.merge_asof(left=df1,right=df2,right_index=True,left_index=True,direction='nearest',tolerance=tol)

output

date_start_time date_start_time_x   employee_id_x   session_id_x    date_start_time_y   employee_id_y   session_id_y

2016-01-01 02:03:00 2016-01-01 02:03:00 7261824 871631182   2016-01-01 02:03:00 7261824.0   871631182.0
2016-01-01 06:03:00 2016-01-01 06:03:00 7261824 871631183   2016-01-01 06:05:00 7261824.0   871631183.0
2016-01-01 11:01:00 2016-01-01 11:01:00 7261824 871631184   2016-01-01 11:04:00 7261824.0   871631184.0
2016-01-01 14:01:00 2016-01-01 14:01:00 7261824 871631185   NaT NaN NaN

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