pandas中的聚合

2024-04-28 11:47:07 发布

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  1. 如何与熊猫进行聚集?
  2. 聚合后没有数据帧!怎么了?
  3. 如何主要聚合字符串列(到lists、tuples、strings with separator)?
  4. 如何汇总计数?
  5. 如何创建由聚合值填充的新列?

我见过这些反复出现的问题,它们询问熊猫聚合功能的不同方面。 今天,关于聚合及其各种用例的大多数信息都被分散在许多措辞糟糕、无法搜索的帖子中。 这里的目的是为后代整理一些更重要的观点。

本问答将作为一系列有用的用户指南中的下一部分:

请注意,这篇文章不是要取代documentation about aggregationgroupby的,所以请阅读!


Tags: 数据字符串功能信息pandaswith用例lists
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1楼 · 发布于 2024-04-28 11:47:07

问题1

如何与熊猫进行聚集?

展开的aggregation documentation

聚合函数是减少返回对象维度的函数。这意味着输出序列/数据帧的行数少于或与原始行数相同。 下面列出了一些常见的聚合函数:

FunctionDescription
mean()      Compute mean of groups
sum()       Compute sum of group values
size()      Compute group sizes
count()     Compute count of group
std()       Standard deviation of groups
var()       Compute variance of groups
sem()       Standard error of the mean of groups
describe()  Generates descriptive statistics
first()     Compute first of group values
last()      Compute last of group values
nth()       Take nth value, or a subset if n is a list
min()       Compute min of group values
max()       Compute max of group values
np.random.seed(123)

df = pd.DataFrame({'A' : ['foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'bar', 'foo'],
                   'B' : ['one', 'two', 'three','two', 'two', 'one'],
                   'C' : np.random.randint(5, size=6),
                   'D' : np.random.randint(5, size=6),
                   'E' : np.random.randint(5, size=6)})
print (df)
     A      B  C  D  E
0  foo    one  2  3  0
1  foo    two  4  1  0
2  bar  three  2  1  1
3  foo    two  1  0  3
4  bar    two  3  1  4
5  foo    one  2  1  0

按筛选列和cython implemented functions聚合:

df1 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False)['C'].sum()
print (df1)
     A      B  C
0  bar  three  2
1  bar    two  3
2  foo    one  4
3  foo    two  5

aaaggregate函数用于未在groupby函数中指定的所有列,这里是A, B列:

df2 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False).sum()
print (df2)
     A      B  C  D  E
0  bar  three  2  1  1
1  bar    two  3  1  4
2  foo    one  4  4  0
3  foo    two  5  1  3

您还可以只指定一些列,用于在groupby函数后的列表中进行聚合:

df3 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False)['C','D'].sum()
print (df3)
     A      B  C  D
0  bar  three  2  1
1  bar    two  3  1
2  foo    one  4  4
3  foo    two  5  1

使用函数^{}得到相同的结果:

df1 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False)['C'].agg('sum')
print (df1)
     A      B  C
0  bar  three  2
1  bar    two  3
2  foo    one  4
3  foo    two  5

df2 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False).agg('sum')
print (df2)
     A      B  C  D  E
0  bar  three  2  1  1
1  bar    two  3  1  4
2  foo    one  4  4  0
3  foo    two  5  1  3

对于应用于一列的乘法函数,使用tuples的列表-新列和aggregted函数的名称:

df4 = (df.groupby(['A', 'B'])['C']
         .agg([('average','mean'),('total','sum')])
         .reset_index())
print (df4)
     A      B  average  total
0  bar  three      2.0      2
1  bar    two      3.0      3
2  foo    one      2.0      4
3  foo    two      2.5      5

如果要传递多个函数,则可以传递tuples的list

df5 = (df.groupby(['A', 'B'])
         .agg([('average','mean'),('total','sum')]))

print (df5)
                C             D             E      
          average total average total average total
A   B                                              
bar three     2.0     2     1.0     1     1.0     1
    two       3.0     3     1.0     1     4.0     4
foo one       2.0     4     2.0     4     0.0     0
    two       2.5     5     0.5     1     1.5     3

然后在列中获取MultiIndex

print (df5.columns)
MultiIndex(levels=[['C', 'D', 'E'], ['average', 'total']],
           labels=[[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2], [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]])

对于转换为列,将MultiIndexjoin一起使用map

df5.columns = df5.columns.map('_'.join)
df5 = df5.reset_index()
print (df5)
     A      B  C_average  C_total  D_average  D_total  E_average  E_total
0  bar  three        2.0        2        1.0        1        1.0        1
1  bar    two        3.0        3        1.0        1        4.0        4
2  foo    one        2.0        4        2.0        4        0.0        0
3  foo    two        2.5        5        0.5        1        1.5        3

另一种解决方案是传递聚合函数列表,然后展平MultiIndex,对于其他列名,使用^{}

df5 = df.groupby(['A', 'B']).agg(['mean','sum'])

df5.columns = (df5.columns.map('_'.join)
                  .str.replace('sum','total')
                  .str.replace('mean','average'))
df5 = df5.reset_index()
print (df5)
     A      B  C_average  C_total  D_average  D_total  E_average  E_total
0  bar  three        2.0        2        1.0        1        1.0        1
1  bar    two        3.0        3        1.0        1        4.0        4
2  foo    one        2.0        4        2.0        4        0.0        0
3  foo    two        2.5        5        0.5        1        1.5        3

如果要用聚合函数分别指定每个列,请传递dictionary

df6 = (df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False)
         .agg({'C':'sum','D':'mean'})
         .rename(columns={'C':'C_total', 'D':'D_average'}))
print (df6)
     A      B  C_total  D_average
0  bar  three        2        1.0
1  bar    two        3        1.0
2  foo    one        4        2.0
3  foo    two        5        0.5

您也可以传递自定义函数:

def func(x):
    return x.iat[0] + x.iat[-1]

df7 = (df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False)
         .agg({'C':'sum','D': func})
         .rename(columns={'C':'C_total', 'D':'D_sum_first_and_last'}))
print (df7)
     A      B  C_total  D_sum_first_and_last
0  bar  three        2                     2
1  bar    two        3                     2
2  foo    one        4                     4
3  foo    two        5                     1

问题2

聚合后没有数据帧!怎么搞的?

按2列或更多列聚合:

df1 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'])['C'].sum()
print (df1)
A    B    
bar  three    2
     two      3
foo  one      4
     two      5
Name: C, dtype: int32

首先检查pandas对象的Indextype

print (df1.index)
MultiIndex(levels=[['bar', 'foo'], ['one', 'three', 'two']],
           labels=[[0, 0, 1, 1], [1, 2, 0, 2]],
           names=['A', 'B'])

print (type(df1))
<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>

有两种解决方案可用于将MultiIndex Series获取到列:

  • 添加参数as_index=False
df1 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'], as_index=False)['C'].sum()
print (df1)
     A      B  C
0  bar  three  2
1  bar    two  3
2  foo    one  4
3  foo    two  5
df1 = df.groupby(['A', 'B'])['C'].sum().reset_index()
print (df1)
     A      B  C
0  bar  three  2
1  bar    two  3
2  foo    one  4
3  foo    two  5

如果按一列分组:

df2 = df.groupby('A')['C'].sum()
print (df2)
A
bar    5
foo    9
Name: C, dtype: int32

。。。使用Index获取Series

print (df2.index)
Index(['bar', 'foo'], dtype='object', name='A')

print (type(df2))
<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>

解决方案与MultiIndex Series中的相同:

df2 = df.groupby('A', as_index=False)['C'].sum()
print (df2)
     A  C
0  bar  5
1  foo  9

df2 = df.groupby('A')['C'].sum().reset_index()
print (df2)
     A  C
0  bar  5
1  foo  9

问题3

如何主要聚合字符串列(到lists,tuples,strings with separator)?

df = pd.DataFrame({'A' : ['a', 'c', 'b', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b'],
                   'B' : ['one', 'two', 'three','two', 'two', 'one', 'three'],
                   'C' : ['three', 'one', 'two', 'two', 'three','two', 'one'],
                   'D' : [1,2,3,2,3,1,2]})
print (df)
   A      B      C  D
0  a    one  three  1
1  c    two    one  2
2  b  three    two  3
3  b    two    two  2
4  a    two  three  3
5  c    one    two  1
6  b  three    one  2

代替aggregeta函数的可能是转换列的passlisttupleset

df1 = df.groupby('A')['B'].agg(list).reset_index()
print (df1)
   A                    B
0  a           [one, two]
1  b  [three, two, three]
2  c           [two, one]

替代方法是使用^{}

df1 = df.groupby('A')['B'].apply(list).reset_index()
print (df1)
   A                    B
0  a           [one, two]
1  b  [three, two, three]
2  c           [two, one]

若要转换为带分隔符的字符串,请仅在以下情况下使用.join

df2 = df.groupby('A')['B'].agg(','.join).reset_index()
print (df2)
   A                B
0  a          one,two
1  b  three,two,three
2  c          two,one

如果数值列与^{}一起使用lambda函数转换为strings:

df3 = (df.groupby('A')['D']
         .agg(lambda x: ','.join(x.astype(str)))
         .reset_index())
print (df3)
   A      D
0  a    1,3
1  b  3,2,2
2  c    2,1

另一种解决方案是在groupby之前转换为字符串:

df3 = (df.assign(D = df['D'].astype(str))
         .groupby('A')['D']
         .agg(','.join).reset_index())
print (df3)
   A      D
0  a    1,3
1  b  3,2,2
2  c    2,1

对于转换所有列,在groupby之后不传递列列表。 没有列D,因为automatic exclusion of 'nuisance' columns, 这意味着排除了所有数值列。

df4 = df.groupby('A').agg(','.join).reset_index()
print (df4)
   A                B            C
0  a          one,two  three,three
1  b  three,two,three  two,two,one
2  c          two,one      one,two

因此有必要将所有列转换为字符串,然后获取所有列:

df5 = (df.groupby('A')
         .agg(lambda x: ','.join(x.astype(str)))
         .reset_index())
print (df5)
   A                B            C      D
0  a          one,two  three,three    1,3
1  b  three,two,three  two,two,one  3,2,2
2  c          two,one      one,two    2,1

问题4

如何合计计数?

df = pd.DataFrame({'A' : ['a', 'c', 'b', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b'],
                   'B' : ['one', 'two', 'three','two', 'two', 'one', 'three'],
                   'C' : ['three', np.nan, np.nan, 'two', 'three','two', 'one'],
                   'D' : [np.nan,2,3,2,3,np.nan,2]})
print (df)
   A      B      C    D
0  a    one  three  NaN
1  c    two    NaN  2.0
2  b  three    NaN  3.0
3  b    two    two  2.0
4  a    two  three  3.0
5  c    one    two  NaN
6  b  three    one  2.0

每个组的size的函数^{}

df1 = df.groupby('A').size().reset_index(name='COUNT')
print (df1)
   A  COUNT
0  a      2
1  b      3
2  c      2

函数^{}排除缺少的值:

df2 = df.groupby('A')['C'].count().reset_index(name='COUNT')
print (df2)
   A  COUNT
0  a      2
1  b      2
2  c      1

对于count non missing值,应在多个列中使用函数:

df3 = df.groupby('A').count().add_suffix('_COUNT').reset_index()
print (df3)
   A  B_COUNT  C_COUNT  D_COUNT
0  a        2        2        1
1  b        3        2        3
2  c        2        1        1

相关函数^{} 返回size对象,该对象包含按降序排列的唯一值的计数,因此第一个元素是最常出现的元素。默认情况下排除NaNs值。

df4 = (df['A'].value_counts()
              .rename_axis('A')
              .reset_index(name='COUNT'))
print (df4)
   A  COUNT
0  b      3
1  a      2
2  c      2

如果您想要像使用函数groupby+size一样的输出,请添加^{}

df5 = (df['A'].value_counts()
              .sort_index()
              .rename_axis('A')
              .reset_index(name='COUNT'))
print (df5)
   A  COUNT
0  a      2
1  b      3
2  c      2

问题5

如何创建由聚合值填充的新列?

方法^{}返回一个索引与被分组对象相同(大小相同)的对象

熊猫documentation了解更多信息。

np.random.seed(123)

df = pd.DataFrame({'A' : ['foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'foo', 'bar', 'foo'],
                    'B' : ['one', 'two', 'three','two', 'two', 'one'],
                    'C' : np.random.randint(5, size=6),
                    'D' : np.random.randint(5, size=6)})
print (df)
     A      B  C  D
0  foo    one  2  3
1  foo    two  4  1
2  bar  three  2  1
3  foo    two  1  0
4  bar    two  3  1
5  foo    one  2  1


df['C1'] = df.groupby('A')['C'].transform('sum')
df['C2'] = df.groupby(['A','B'])['C'].transform('sum')


df[['C3','D3']] = df.groupby('A')['C','D'].transform('sum')
df[['C4','D4']] = df.groupby(['A','B'])['C','D'].transform('sum')

print (df)

     A      B  C  D  C1  C2  C3  D3  C4  D4
0  foo    one  2  3   9   4   9   5   4   4
1  foo    two  4  1   9   5   9   5   5   1
2  bar  three  2  1   5   2   5   2   2   1
3  foo    two  1  0   9   5   9   5   5   1
4  bar    two  3  1   5   3   5   2   3   1
5  foo    one  2  1   9   4   9   5   4   4

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