DRF 3-使用through选项卡创建多对多更新/创建序列化程序

Question

我试图在DRF 3中创建一个引用应用程序来演示可以创建/更新模型的嵌套序列化程序。在尝试创建嵌套模型时，**后面带有“*create（）参数的下面的示例代码必须是映射，而不是list*”。我也不清楚该如何处理.update（），因为在某些情况下，我只想建立额外的关系（人员）。

示例模型：

from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
class Group(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    persons = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')
class Membership(models.Model):
    person = models.ForeignKey(Person)
    group = models.ForeignKey(Group)

以及序列化程序和视图集：

from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from app.models import Group, Person
class PersonSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Person
class GroupSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    persons = PersonSerializer(many=True)
    def create(self, validated_data):
        persons = validated_data.pop('persons')
        group = Group.objects.create(**validated_data)
        if persons: # Bombs without this check
            Person.objects.create(group=group, **persons)  # Errors here
        return group
    class Meta:
        model = Group

class PersonModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = PersonSerializer
    queryset = Person.objects.all()

class GroupModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = GroupSerializer
    queryset = Group.objects.all()

我试图发布一些JSON，插入一个包含两个（相关）人员的组：

{
   "persons": [
      { "name" : "name 1" },
      { "name" : "name 2" }
   ],
   "name": "group name 1"
}

Answer 1

我不知道是否有更简单的方法，但我成功实现这一点的唯一方法是引用组序列化程序中的“through”模型“memberships”，并为.create（）和.update（）编写自定义代码。如果有人知道更好的方法，我很乐意听到。

class GroupMembershipSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Membership
        fields = ('person',)

class GroupCreateSerializer(ModelSerializer):
     memberships = GroupMembershipSerializer(many=True, required=False)

    def create(self, validated_data):
        person_data = validated_data.pop('memberships')
        group = Group.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for person in person_data:
            d=dict(person)
            Membership.objects.create(group=group, person=d['person'])
        return group

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        person_data = validated_data.pop('memberships')
        for item in validated_data:
            if Group._meta.get_field(item):
                setattr(instance, item, validated_data[item])
        Membership.objects.filter(group=instance).delete()
        for person in person_data:
            d=dict(person)
            Membership.objects.create(group=instance, person=d['person'])
        instance.save()
        return instance

    class Meta:
        model = Group

class GroupCreateModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = GroupCreateSerializer
    queryset = Group.objects.all()

因此，您可以使用以下方法创建一个包含相关人员的新组：

 { 
     "name" : "Group 1", 
     "memberships" : [ 
         { "person" : 1 },
         { "person" : 2 }
     ]
 }