如何使用光栅从多数据集MODIS图像中打开特定的数据集（band）？光栅索引器错误：波段索引超出范围

Question

如何使用光栅从多数据集MODIS图像打开特定数据集？在

我在GitHub上发布了一些示例数据：https://github.com/SteveObert/rasterIO_question/tree/master/data

如果我打开一个只有一个波段的MODIS HDF文件，下面的代码会按照我想要的方式工作：

import rasterio

rasterfileMulti = 'MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf'
rasterfileSingle = 'MOD10A1_singleband_HEGOUT.hdf'
shapeFile = 'SFP_drainage.shp'


# Read an HDF into an array

dataset = rasterio.open('rasterfileSingle')
band1 = dataset.read(1)
print(band1)

输出：

^{pr2}$

但是，如果我试图打开一个包含多个数据集的MODIS HDF文件，我会得到如下错误“Rasterio IndexError:band index out of range”。在

rasterfileMulti = MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf

dataset2 = rasterio.open('rasterfileMulti')
band1 = dataset.read(1)
print(band1)

上面代码中的错误如下所示：

/Users/steve/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rasterio/__init__.py:193: UserWarning: Dataset has no geotransform set.  Default transform will be applied (Affine.identity())
s.start()
Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<ipython-input-9-584312f89d76>", line 3, in <module>
band1 = dataset.read(1)

File "rasterio/_io.pyx", line 720, in rasterio._io.RasterReader.read

IndexError: band index out of range

最后，我想将光栅剪辑到形状文件中。下面的代码按照我想要的方式工作，只要Modis图像只有一个波段，这里是“NDSI_Snow_Cover”。在

import fiona
import rasterio
rasterfileSingle = MOD10A1_singleband_HEGOUT.hdf
shapeFile = SFP_drainage.shp

with fiona.open(shapeFile, 'r') as shapefile:
    features = [feature['geometry'] for feature in shapefile]


with rasterio.open(rasterfileMulti) as src:
    out_image, out_transform = rasterio.mask.mask(src, features,
                                                        crop=True)
    out_meta = src.meta.copy()


out_meta.update({'driver': 'GTiff',
                 'height': out_image.shape[1],
                 'width': out_image.shape[2],
                 'transform': out_transform})
with      rasterio.open('/Users/steve/Documents/classes/Geos_505/project_Payette/working/data_files/test_clip_out.tif', 'w', **out_meta) as dest:
    dest.write(out_image)

Answer 1

首先，我们需要知道子数据集的名称。gdalinfo给出了以下7个子数据集：

Subdatasets:
  SUBDATASET_1_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI_Snow_Cover
  SUBDATASET_1_DESC=[350x831] NDSI_Snow_Cover MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)           
  SUBDATASET_2_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA
  SUBDATASET_2_DESC=[350x831] NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)
  SUBDATASET_3_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA
  SUBDATASET_3_DESC=[350x831] NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)
  SUBDATASET_4_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:NDSI
  SUBDATASET_4_DESC=[350x831] NDSI MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (16-bit integer)
  SUBDATASET_5_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile
  SUBDATASET_5_DESC=[350x831] Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)
  SUBDATASET_6_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:orbit_pnt
  SUBDATASET_6_DESC=[350x831] orbit_pnt MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit integer)
  SUBDATASET_7_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD10A1_multiband_HEGOUT.hdf":MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16:granule_pnt
  SUBDATASET_7_DESC=[350x831] granule_pnt MOD_Grid_Snow_500m_16 (8-bit unsigned integer)

现在，您可以打开任何将子数据集的GDAL完全限定名作为参数的子数据库。例如：

^{pr2}$

编辑：我根据作者的建议添加了外部单引号。在