Django迁移错误：TypeError需要字符串或类似obj的字节

Question

我正在努力学习django和在改变模型时发生的错误。我试了很多，比如default=datetime.datetime.now，但我不知道如何修复它。

这些是我的模型

从django.db导入模型 导入日期时间

class Candidate(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    introduction = models.TextField()
    area = models.CharField(max_length=15)
    party_number=models.IntegerField(default=0)
    def __str__(self) :
        return self.name

class Poll(models.Model) :
    start_date = models.DateTimeField()
    end_date = models.DateTimeField()
    area = models.CharField(max_length=15)

class Choice(models.Model) :
    poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
    candidate = models.ForeignKey(Candidate)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

当我键入commmand:python manage.py migrate时，发生此错误

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, ang, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying ang.0003_poll_end_date...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 367, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 359, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 294, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 345, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 204, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 115, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 145, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
    state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\migration.py", line 129, in apply
    operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\operations\fields.py", line 84, in database_forwards
    field,
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\schema.py", line 231, in add_field
    self._remake_table(model, create_fields=[field])
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\schema.py", line 113, in _remake_table
    self.effective_default(field)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 221, in effective_default
    default = field.get_db_prep_save(default, self.connection)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 755, in get_db_prep_save
    prepared=False)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 1438, in get_db_prep_value
    value = self.get_prep_value(value)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 1417, in get_prep_value
    value = super(DateTimeField, self).get_prep_value(value)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 1275, in get_prep_value
    return self.to_python(value)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 1378, in to_python
    parsed = parse_datetime(value)
  File "C:\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\dateparse.py", line 93, in parse_datetime
    match = datetime_re.match(value)
TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

请帮帮我！！

Answer 1

如果修改了模型中的字段。在那之后你运行makemigrations，那次它这样问

^C(api_env)nyros@nyros:~/Desktop/santhi_projects/sample_api/sample_api$ python manage.py makemigrations
You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'provider' to content without a default; we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
 1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows)
 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py
Select an option: 1

我们选择1个选项，然后它将显示如下

Please enter the default value now, as valid Python
The datetime and django.utils.timezone modules are available, so you can do e.g. timezone.now()
>>> timezone.now()

我们给了timezone.now（）然后完成迁移。

最后一个文件是

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

dependencies = [
    migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
    ('providers', '0023_remove_content_provider'),
]

operations = [
    migrations.AddField(
        model_name='content',
        name='provider',
        field=models.ForeignKey(related_name='library', default=datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 1, 7, 15, 12, 655838, tzinfo=utc), to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
        preserve_default=False,
    ),
]

在上面的代码中，请遵守这一行

default=datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 1, 7, 15, 12, 655838, tzinfo=utc)

在那一行中，forgeinkey字段的默认值是datetime，它是正确的值吗？

不，所以您必须为该字段提供一些字符串或对象是默认值。

现在必须在相应的迁移文件中编辑该值，如下所示

default='some string'

然后保存并运行migrate命令。

试着告诉我，行不行。谢谢

Answer 2

更改auto_now_add=True的模型字段默认值

end_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
start_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

Answer 3

使用以下命令删除迁移：

find . -path "*/migrations/*.py" -not -name "__init__.py" -delete
find . -path "*/migrations/*.pyc"  -delete

然后用rm db.sqlite删除数据库文件

然后运行服务器