Matplotlib后端缺少带

Question

我使用matplotlib已经有一段时间了，没有问题。我已经有一段时间不需要交互式绘图函数了（Tkaag是用来实现的）。从那以后，我更新了matplotlib几次。

我今天试着用它，但它产生了一个错误。

/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/tkagg.py in <module>()
----> 1 import _tkagg
      2 import Tkinter as Tk
      3 
      4 def blit(photoimage, aggimage, bbox=None, colormode=1):
      5     tk = photoimage.tk

ImportError: No module named _tkagg

我尝试了另一个后端，添加了

backend      : GTKAgg

到matplotlibrc。只是为了得到不同模块的相同错误。

ImportError: No module named _backend_gdk

当我在/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/中浏览后端时，我注意到缺少带下划线的所有必需模块。

alan@linux /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends $ ls
backend_agg.py        backend_macosx.py    backend_template.pyc
backend_agg.pyc       backend_macosx.pyc   backend_tkagg.py
_backend_agg.so       backend_mixed.py     backend_tkagg.pyc
backend_cairo.py      backend_mixed.pyc    backend_wxagg.py
backend_cairo.pyc     backend_pdf.py       backend_wxagg.pyc
backend_cocoaagg.py   backend_pdf.pyc      backend_wx.py
backend_cocoaagg.pyc  backend_ps.py        backend_wx.pyc
backend_emf.py        backend_ps.pyc       __init__.py
backend_emf.pyc       backend_qt4agg.py    __init__.pyc
backend_fltkagg.py    backend_qt4agg.pyc   Matplotlib.nib
backend_fltkagg.pyc   backend_qt4.py       qt4_compat.py
backend_gdk.py        backend_qt4.pyc      qt4_compat.pyc
backend_gdk.pyc       backend_qtagg.py     qt4_editor
backend_gtkagg.py     backend_qtagg.pyc    tkagg.py
backend_gtkagg.pyc    backend_qt.py        tkagg.pyc
backend_gtkcairo.py   backend_qt.pyc       windowing.py
backend_gtkcairo.pyc  backend_svg.py       windowing.pyc
backend_gtk.py        backend_svg.pyc
backend_gtk.pyc       backend_template.py

我当前的matplotlib版本：

matplotlib      - 1.1.1        - active development (/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages)

我已尝试卸载并重新安装matplotlib：

pip uninstall matplotlib
pip install matplotlib

一切都很顺利。

关于重新运行交互式绘图的设置提示？

    BUILDING MATPLOTLIB

                matplotlib: 1.1.1

                    python: 2.7.3rc2 (default, Apr 22 2012, 22:35:38)  [GCC

                            4.6.3]

                  platform: linux2



    REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES

                     numpy: 1.6.2

                 freetype2: 14.1.8



    OPTIONAL BACKEND DEPENDENCIES

                    libpng: 1.2.49

                   Tkinter: no

                            * Using default library and include directories for

                            * Tcl and Tk because a Tk window failed to open.

                            * You may need to define DISPLAY for Tk to work so

                            * that setup can determine where your libraries are

                            * located. Tkinter present, but header files are not

                            * found. You may need to install development

                            * packages.

                pkg-config: looking for pygtk-2.0 gtk+-2.0

                            * Package pygtk-2.0 was not found in the pkg-config

                            * search path. Perhaps you should add the directory

                            * containing `pygtk-2.0.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH

                            * environment variable No package 'pygtk-2.0' found

                            * Package gtk+-2.0 was not found in the pkg-config

                            * search path. Perhaps you should add the directory

                            * containing `gtk+-2.0.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH

                            * environment variable No package 'gtk+-2.0' found

                            * You may need to install 'dev' package(s) to

                            * provide header files.

                      Gtk+: no

                            * Could not find Gtk+ headers in any of

                            * '/usr/local/include', '/usr/include', '.'

           Mac OS X native: no

                        Qt: no

                       Qt4: Qt: 4.8.1, PyQt4: 4.9.1

                    PySide: no

                     Cairo: 1.8.8



    OPTIONAL DATE/TIMEZONE DEPENDENCIES

                  datetime: present, version unknown

                  dateutil: matplotlib will provide

                      pytz: matplotlib will provide

    adding pytz



    OPTIONAL USETEX DEPENDENCIES

                    dvipng: 1.14

               ghostscript: 9.05

                     latex: 3.1415926

                   pdftops: 0.18.4

Answer 1

感谢peison的评论，我检查了matplotlib的安装日志，它显示了很多依赖项。

我以前没注意到，因为安装的整个过程非常快

pip install matplotlib

最后安装成功。

来回答这个问题。解决方案是安装软件包tk和tk dev，并重建matplotlib。