如何在整个xml文件中搜索特定的文本模式,然后在Python 3.5中用新的文本模式替换每个出现的文本?
其他所有内容(格式、属性、注释等)都需要保留在原始xml文件中。
我在Windows(win32)上运行Python 3.5.1。
具体来说,我想用“THIS WORKED”替换每次出现的“FEATURE NAME”,用“12345”替换每次出现的“FEATURE NUMBER”。
我一直在尝试学习Python和xml.etree.ElementTree,但是没有弄清楚。我已经看过“在Python中搜索并替换.xml文件中的一行”、“在Python中搜索并替换文件中的一行”和“如何使用Python搜索并替换文件中的文本?”和其他现有的Q/A在这个网站上,但无法解决这个问题-我不是一个有经验的程序员,所以请让我知道,如果需要更多的输入。非常感谢您的帮助!!!
这是我在记事本中打开xml代码时它的样子的一个副本(除了我添加了空格来缩进每一行,并在将其粘贴到这个问题中时单击了某些行的return):
<description-topic>
<access-info>
<index-term-set>
<index-term>
<primary>FID FEATURE NUMBER</primary>
</index-term>
<index-term>
<primary>FEATURE NAME</primary>
</index-term>
<index-term>
<primary>Common features</primary>
<secondary>FID FEATURE NUMBER</secondary>
</index-term>
</index-term-set>
</access-info>
<title>FEATURE NUMBER - FEATURE NAME</title>
<block>
<label>Platform</label>
<comment>REVIEWERS: I guessed at the FEATURE NAME</comment>
<para>
This feature applies to the following platforms: FEATURE NAME<!--Check the values--></para>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Feature Benefits</label>
<para>
<comment>REVIEWERS: What do we put here? See template (link given in review email) for more information.</comment>
</para>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Dependencies</label>
<para/>
<subblock>
<label>Features</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
</subblock>
<subblock>
<label>Hardware</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
<para>This feature applies to the following: FEATURE NUMBER and text.</para><?Pub Caret -1?>
</subblock>
<subblock>
<label>Dependencies outside the eNodeB</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
</subblock>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Impacts</label>
<comment>REVIEWERS: What FEATURE NUMBER do we put here?</comment>
<para>
<comment/>
</para>
</block>
</description-topic>
下面是我要开始工作的最新代码:
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et
tree = et.parse('Atemplate2.xml')
tree.find('description-topic/access-info/index-term-set/index-term/primary/').text = '12345'
tree.write('Atemplate2.xml')
我得到以下错误: 回溯(最近一次呼叫时间): 文件“ajktest18.py”,第15行,in tree.find('description-topic/access-info/index-term-set/index-term/primary/')。文本='12345'
AttributeError:“NoneType”对象没有“text”属性
我更希望能够搜索和修改整个文件中的任何事件,但我不知道如何找到我正在搜索的文本的一个特定事件。
下面是我试图用来查找路径的代码:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('Atemplate.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag, root.attrib, root.text)
for child in root:
print(child.tag, child.attrib, child.text)
for label in root.iter('label'):
print(label.tag, label.attrib, label.text)
for title in root.iter('title'):
print(title.attrib)
我还尝试了以下代码:
with open('Atemplate2.xml') as f:
tree = ET.parse(f)
root = tree.getroot()
for elem in root.getiterator():
try:
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NAME', 'THIS WORKED')
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NUMBER', '12345')
except AttributeError:
pass
tree.write('output.xml')
但这会导致以下错误:
File "<pyshell#40>", line 2, in <module>
tree = ET.parse(f)
File "C:\MyPath\Python35-32\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 1182, in parse
tree.parse(source, parser)
File "C:\ MyPath \Python35-32\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 594, in parse
self._root = parser._parse_whole(source)
File "C:\ MyPath \Python35-32\lib\encodings\cp1252.py", line 23, in decode
return codecs.charmap_decode(input,self.errors,decoding_table)[0]
UnicodeDecodeError:“charmap”编解码器无法解码位置1119中的字节0x9d:字符映射到
# #最后的更新-这是最后对我有用的代码(谢谢你,Jarad!):
import lxml.etree as ET
#using lxml instead of xml preserved the comments
#adding the encoding when the file is opened and written is needed to avoid a charmap error
with open('filename.xml', encoding="utf8") as f:
tree = ET.parse(f)
root = tree.getroot()
for elem in root.getiterator():
try:
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NAME', 'THIS WORKED')
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NUMBER', '123456')
except AttributeError:
pass
#tree.write('output.xml', encoding="utf8")
# Adding the xml_declaration and method helped keep the header info at the top of the file.
tree.write('output.xml', xml_declaration=True, method='xml', encoding="utf8")
注意事项:
xml.etree.ElementTree
库这是对this excellent answer的修改。问题是,您需要读入XML文件并对其进行解析。
请注意,您可以将
encoding
参数更改为其他参数,例如:utf-8
、cp1252
、ISO-8859-1
,等等,这取决于您的系统和文件。相关问题 更多 >
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