如何使用Python保存“完整网页”而不仅仅是基本的html

Question

我正在使用以下代码使用Python保存网页：

import urllib
import sys
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = 'http://www.vodafone.de/privat/tarife/red-smartphone-tarife.html'
f = urllib.urlretrieve(url,'test.html')

问题：此代码将html保存为基本html，而不使用javascripts、图像等。我想将网页保存为完整的（就像我们在浏览器中有选项一样）

更新： 我现在使用以下代码来保存webapge的所有js/images/css文件，以便将其保存为完整的网页，但我的输出html仍像基本html一样被保存：

import pycurl
import StringIO

c = pycurl.Curl()
c.setopt(pycurl.URL, "http://www.vodafone.de/privat/tarife/red-smartphone-tarife.html")

b = StringIO.StringIO()
c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, b.write)
c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
c.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)
c.perform()
html = b.getvalue()
#print html
fh = open("file.html", "w")
fh.write(html)
fh.close()

Answer 1

为了让@rajatomar788运行上面的脚本，我必须首先执行以下所有导入操作：

要运行pywebcopy，您需要安装以下软件包：

pip install pywebcopy 
pip install pyquery
pip install w3lib
pip install parse 
pip install lxml

在那之后，它出现了一些错误，但我确实让文件夹里装满了构成网页的文件。

webpage    - INFO     - Starting save_assets Action on url: 'http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/teaching/courses/ml1-2016.html'
webpage    - Level 100 - Queueing download of <89> asset files.
Exception in thread <Element(LinkTag, file:///++resource++images/favicon2.ico)>:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\threading.py", line 917, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\threading.py", line 865, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pywebcopy\elements.py", line 312, in run
    super(LinkTag, self).run()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pywebcopy\elements.py", line 58, in run
    self.download_file()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pywebcopy\elements.py", line 107, in download_file
    req = SESSION.get(url, stream=True)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pywebcopy\configs.py", line 244, in get
    return super(AccessAwareSession, self).get(url, **kwargs)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 546, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 533, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 640, in send
    adapter = self.get_adapter(url=request.url)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 731, in get_adapter
    raise InvalidSchema("No connection adapters were found for '%s'" % url)
requests.exceptions.InvalidSchema: No connection adapters were found for 'file:///++resource++images/favicon2.ico'

webpage    - INFO     - Starting save_html Action on url: 'http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/teaching/courses/ml1-2016.html'

Answer 2

尝试用selenium模拟您的浏览器。此脚本将弹出网页的save as对话框。在selenium无法访问文件对话框的情况下，您仍然需要了解如何模拟按enter键下载以启动（如何操作也依赖于操作系统）。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

br = webdriver.Firefox()
br.get('http://www.google.com/')

save_me = ActionChains(br).key_down(Keys.CONTROL)\
         .key_down('s').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).key_up('s')
save_me.perform()

另外，我认为下面的@Amber建议获取链接的资源可能更简单，因此是更好的解决方案。不过，我认为使用selenium是一个很好的起点，因为br.page_source将为您提供整个dom以及javascript生成的动态内容。

Answer 3

您可以使用简单的python库pywebcopy轻松实现这一点。

For Current version: 5.0.1

from pywebcopy import save_webpage

url = 'http://some-site.com/some-page.html'
download_folder = '/path/to/downloads/'    

kwargs = {'bypass_robots': True, 'project_name': 'recognisable-name'}

save_webpage(url, download_folder, **kwargs)

你的下载文件夹里有html，css，js。完全像原始站点一样工作。