Django无法迁移PostgreSQL:关系Y的约束X不存在

Question

我试图在PostgreSQL 9.6.5数据库上运行Django 1.11迁移，但得到一个奇怪的错误：

  Applying myapp.0011_auto_20171130_1807...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 9, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 204, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 115, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 145, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
    state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 129, in apply
    operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py", line 536, in database_forwards
    getattr(new_model._meta, self.option_name, set()),
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 349, in alter_unique_together
    self._delete_composed_index(model, fields, {'unique': True}, self.sql_delete_unique)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 380, in _delete_composed_index
    self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(sql, model, constraint_names[0]))
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 120, in execute
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/usr/local/myproject/.env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: constraint "idx_32269_myapp_mymodel_title_333195ae82ac2107_uniq" of relation "myapp_mymodel" does not exist

迁移正在将一个唯一的契约从包含一列改为包含两列。很简单。在创建新索引之前，它需要销毁旧索引“idx_32269_myapp_mymodel_title_333195ae82ac2107_uniq”。然而，它失败了，因为它不认为旧的存在。在

因此，我用pgadminiiii连接到数据库并检查了表，与错误消息相反，该表确实有一个名为idx_32269_myapp_mymodel_title_333195ae82ac2107_uniq的索引。在

我想Django可能使用了稍微不同的连接参数，并且连接到了一个不同的数据库？让我们试着从Django dbshell中检查它。所以我开始manage.py dbshell并运行：

^{pr2}$

它返回了一行。在

为什么Django在迁移过程中无法看到这个索引，即使该索引肯定存在于数据库中？在

Answer 1

问题是，我使用工具pgloader将数据库从MySQL转换为PostgreSQL，这个工具通过在PostgreSQL中创建索引来转换约束，而Django PG后端将其作为约束创建。因此，当迁移运行时，它只查找约束，而找不到任何约束。

我通过删除索引并将其重新创建为真正的约束来修复此问题：

DROP INDEX idx_32269_myapp_mymodel_title_333195ae82ac2107_uniq;
ALTER TABLE public.myapp_mymodel ADD CONSTRAINT idx_32269_myapp_mymodel_title_333195ae82ac2107_uniq UNIQUE(title);

之后，Django迁移正常运行。