函数的结果不是正确的浮点数组，使用优化曲线图

Question

我记录了固体表面五个位置的实验温度。在每一个时间步，我想把这些读数拟合到由函数定义的理论曲线上：Temp_function JLT（X，h）。在

X是一个多维数组，包括X_坐标以及时间、初始温度和材料属性（所有自变量）。”h”是热传递系数，在本练习中，我试图对其进行优化（暂且不谈物理问题）

这是我的温度函数的定义：

 import pandas as pd
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import pickle
 import scipy.optimize as opt
 from scipy.special import erfc


def Temp_Function_JLT(X,ht):
    # Work around the fact that only one independent variable can be passed to optimize.curve_fit
    x,t,T0,q,alpha,rho,c,k = X 

    term_a = q/ht
    term_b = erfc(x/np.sqrt(4*alpha*t))
    term_c = np.exp(((ht*x)/(np.sqrt(alpha)*np.sqrt(k*rho*c)))+((ht**2)/(k*rho*c)))
    term_d = erfc((ht*np.sqrt(t))/(np.sqrt(k*rho*c)) + (x/np.sqrt(4*alpha*t)))
    Temperature = (term_a * (term_b - term_c * term_d)) + T0 - 273

return Temperature

功能正常。我可以用一些初始参数来运行它并获得合理的值。对于这个问题，更重要的是，如果我用以下数据调用它：

^{pr2}$

我将得到一个numpy数组作为shape（1，）的解，它给出了np.ndim公司（这在前面的问题中已经提到过：

Least Linear Squares: scipy.optimize.curve_fit() throws "Result from function call is not a proper array of floats."

Fitting a vector function with curve_fit in Scipy

Fitting a 2D Gaussian function using scipy.optimize.curve_fit - ValueError and minpack.error

我打电话时问题就出现了最佳曲线拟合(). depth_temperatures是一个列表，将每个测试作为一个数组包含。我迭代它（迭代每个测试），然后根据以下代码对每行（每个时间步）执行拟合：

for i,test in enumerate(indepth_temperatures):

    # Iterate over every row
    for j,row in enumerate(test):
        # Define tuple that contains all independent variables
        X = (TC_depth,
             times[i][j],
             T0_temperatures[i] + 273,
             20000,
             pmma_alpha,
             pmma_rho,
             pmma_c,
             pmma_k)
        print(Temp_Function_JLT(X,h0))
        print(row)
        print('---')
        # Call function to optimize curve fit on h
        popt, pcov = opt.curve_fit(Temp_Function_JLT,X,row,h0)
        print(popt)

对于第一次迭代，我得到以下结果：

[23.2034 23.2034 23.2034 23.2034 23.2034]   # comes from print(Temp_Function_JLT(X,h0))
[23.937 22.619 22.59 24.884 21.987000000000002]  # comes from print(row)

后面是这个错误：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
TypeError: Cannot cast array data from dtype('O') to dtype('float64') according to the rule 'safe'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
error                                     Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-67-9c4545fd257b> in <module>()
     22         print('---')
     23         # Call function to optimize curve fit on h
---> 24         popt, pcov = opt.curve_fit(Temp_Function_JLT,X,row,h0)
     25         print(popt)

~\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\scipy\optimize\minpack.py in curve_fit(f, xdata, ydata, p0, sigma, absolute_sigma, check_finite, bounds, method, jac, **kwargs)
    749         # Remove full_output from kwargs, otherwise we're passing it in twice.
    750         return_full = kwargs.pop('full_output', False)
--> 751         res = leastsq(func, p0, Dfun=jac, full_output=1, **kwargs)
    752         popt, pcov, infodict, errmsg, ier = res
    753         cost = np.sum(infodict['fvec'] ** 2)

~\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\scipy\optimize\minpack.py in leastsq(func, x0, args, Dfun, full_output, col_deriv, ftol, xtol, gtol, maxfev, epsfcn, factor, diag)
    392         with _MINPACK_LOCK:
    393             retval = _minpack._lmdif(func, x0, args, full_output, ftol, xtol,
--> 394                                      gtol, maxfev, epsfcn, factor, diag)
    395     else:
    396         if col_deriv:

error: Result from function call is not a proper array of floats.

我试着从我的职能回来np.拉威尔（温度）或温度平坦度（）运气不好。错误仍然存在，我不明白为什么会出现。如前所述，我检查了函数返回的维数，它是一个1D数组。在

任何帮助将不胜感激！在

更新：我意识到很难复制此代码，因此这是一个简化版本：

温度函数（X，h0）：保持不变。在

pmma_rho = 1200 # kg/m3
pmma_c = 1500 # J/kgK
pmma_k = 0.16 # W/mK
pmma_alpha = pmma_k/(pmma_rho*pmma_c)
x_test = np.linspace(0.004,0.02,5) # TC locations
t = 1
T0_test = 25 + 273
q_test = 20000
h_test = 10

X = (x_test,t,T0_test,q_test,pmma_alpha,pmma_rho,pmma_c,pmma_k)
y_data = [23.937 22.619 22.59 24.884 21.987000000000002]

opt.curve_fit(Temp_Function_JLT, X, y_data, h_test)

Answer 1

我意识到我的代码出了什么问题。尽管我的y_data（row）被定义为一维numpy数组，但它的数据类型是object。我还不明白为什么是这个原因，但是通过使用np.A类型(np.浮动), 最佳曲线拟合工作。在