使用cx-Freez时出现KeyError:“TCL-Library”

Question

当我使用cx_Freeze时，在构建pygame程序时会得到一个键错误KeyError: 'TCL_Library'。我为什么要买这个，怎么修？

我的setup.py如下：

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

setup(
    name = "Snakes and Ladders",
    version = "0.9",
    author = "Adam",
    author_email = "Omitted",
    options = {"build_exe": {"packages":["pygame"],
                         "include_files": ["main.py", "squares.py",
                         "pictures/Base Dice.png", "pictures/Dice 1.png",
                         "pictures/Dice 2.png", "pictures/Dice 3.png",
                         "pictures/Dice 4.png", "pictures/Dice 5.png",
                         "pictures/Dice 6.png"]}},
    executables = [Executable("run.py")],
    )

Answer 1

把这个放在setup.py的设置之前

import os

os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = "C:\\LOCAL_TO_PYTHON\\Python35-32\\tcl\\tcl8.6"
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = "C:\\LOCAL_TO_PYTHON\\Python35-32\\tcl\\tk8.6"

运行它：

python setup.py bdist_msi

这对我很有效。

Answer 2

可以通过手动设置环境变量来解决此错误：

set TCL_LIBRARY=C:\Program Files\Python35-32\tcl\tcl8.6
set TK_LIBRARY=C:\Program Files\Python35-32\tcl\tk8.6

也可以在setup.py脚本中执行此操作：

os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Program Files\Python35-32\tcl\tcl8.6'
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Program Files\Python35-32\tcl\tk8.6'

setup([..])

---

但我发现实际上运行这个程序是行不通的。在cx_freeze mailinglist it was mentioned上：

I have looked into it already and no, it is not just a simple recompile -- or it would have been done already! :-)

It is in progress and it looks like it will take a bit of effort. Some of the code in place to handle things like extension modules inside packages is falling over -- and that may be better solved by dropping that code and forcing the package outside the zip file (another pull request that needs to be absorbed). I should have some time next week and the week following to look into this further. So all things working out well I should put out a new version of cx_Freeze before the end of the year.

但也许你有更多的运气。。。Here's the bug report。

Answer 3

与使用特定于安装的绝对路径（如C:\\LOCAL_TO_PYTHON\\...）设置环境变量不同，还可以使用Python标准包（如os）的__file__属性动态派生必要的路径：

import os.path
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')

修复后，将创建可执行文件，但在尝试执行时可能会出现“DLL not found error”（DLL not found error），至少在Windows 10上使用Python 3.5.3和cx_Freeze 5.0.1。

当您添加以下选项时，所需的DLL文件将自动从Python安装目录复制到cx Freeze的生成输出，您应该能够运行Tcl/Tk应用程序：

options = {
    'build_exe': {
        'include_files':[
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'),
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'),
         ],
    },
}

# ...

setup(options = options,
      # ...
)