使用Python请求填写网站表单

Question

我尝试使用Python请求以编程方式在页面上填写表单。在

我为此写了一些代码：

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests

URL = 'https://www.acgov.org/ptax_pub_app/RealSearch.do'

payload = {
    'displayApn': '1-123-1',
    'showHistory': 'y',
}

s = requests.session()
r = s.post(URL, data=payload)
print r.status_code
print r.cookies
print r.text

然而，产出并没有如预期的那样出来。在

返回的状态码是200 Cookie正在打印为<RequestsCookieJar[]> 响应的文本有html标题，但只是一堆混乱的javascript：

^{pr2}$

这显然不是我想要的。我想获得当我在浏览器上手动提交表单时呈现的页面内容。在

经过一些浏览器检查后，当我手动发送表单时，以下请求头将被发布到服务器：

POST /ptax_pub_app/RealSearch.do HTTP/1.1
Host: www.acgov.org
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.13; rv:66.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/66.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Referer: https://www.acgov.org/ptax_pub_app/RealSearch.do
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------5784378851470632262085445332
Content-Length: 304
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: TS744f9810_75=TS744f9810_rc=1&TS744f9810_id=2&TS744f9810_cr=08ae96f08bab280047871c302267d274621ba715eb672bba8c4e6326721d39c4e9275ba2573dd8ecb04e5fd2ed8b14de:08e8846af6032000365890ddfe7c40338b1c71881c3aa160e9b7511f898e727042a17ecd4e549128&TS744f9810_ef=&TS744f9810_pg=0&TS744f9810_ct=application/x-www-form-urlencoded&TS744f9810_bg=08ae96f08bab20007ed7e7334af2c3a0ddc2a737a8f76402a06229c2abec9c180de6732a86a9648608ba63d37c0a28007e212e36225cb10a4cd776ce268b7178b1d33e9bc0271ac4819eb499a739f93571208168c1d71d9c&TS744f9810_rf=https%3a%2f%2fwww.acgov.org%2fptax_pub_app%2fRealSearchInit.do%3fshowSearchParmsFromLookup%3dtrue; _ga=GA1.2.1302812812.1549499581; TSPD_101=08ae96f08bab280047871c302267d274621ba715eb672bba8c4e6326721d39c4e9275ba2573dd8ecb04e5fd2ed8b14de:; JSESSIONID=0000Im6xKN_53mKz4Iw5KNO5gR0:16hgu6tbb; TS01ed31ee=0129191c7e5fb1688bfcca5087fec2a194712c77706b9ba0027f29d8162a79cfc6c4aefe2136c8ca6d34cd2a1622154e5765f831e0e88ce369724f44b0e9f3ebe5c827a6011131434eedec5e04b97f4977a6091f7d; TS01ed31ee_77=08ae96f08bab2800dd88029ca6fb0fa267ec2a5e40e37cef6351b9876c3e34f6bb42cae44bc0afadbb819ab098f6e9b408de561ace82400034a3a6b4be45a224cb4595200fc21d5c6f05b9f72090ad9bf8cf1db9cef92af4944728ce98cc9906ca77cf3a81dbe502fadd7ae968c030f5b7e5f37a743d021e; ASP.NET_SessionId=db12w03jxf5pelnstiyf35jh; _gid=GA1.2.879815811.1551480793
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

我怀疑我的代码正在发送所有这些头文件。我甚至不知道其中的一些意味着什么，或者我如何在我的脚本中复制它们。有什么想法吗？在

Answer 1

您需要将有效负载作为multipart formdata发布，并且可以添加Referer头来告诉服务器请求来自表单。最重要的部分是您需要添加cookies。它们包含ASP.netsessionid和jsessionid等等。使用python请求执行此操作可能会变得非常复杂。在

如果您将其委托给浏览器，浏览器可以处理javascript、cookies、headers—由selenium自动处理。在

Answer 2

当您发布请求时，您只是缺少了站点正在寻找的一个元素；当您实际使用intended form page时，表单包含一个submit按钮：

<input type="submit" name="searchBills" tabindex="9" value="Search" class="btcommon">

您需要在帖子数据中包含该按钮，因为站点使用该字段来检测您是否进行了实际搜索：

^{pr2}$

添加了这一项后，返回的页面包含查找的搜索结果：

>>> import requests
>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> URL = 'https://www.acgov.org/ptax_pub_app/RealSearch.do'
>>> payload = {
...     'displayApn': '1-123-1',
...     'showHistory': 'y',
...     'searchBills': 'Search',
... }
>>> response = requests.post(URL, data=payload)
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'lxml')
>>> for row in soup.select('#pplresultcontent3 tr'):
...     text = row.get_text(': ', strip=True)
...     if text: print(text)
...
Property Summary
APN: 1-123-1
Property Address: 424 M L KING JR WAY, OAKLAND 94607-3536
>>> for row in soup.select('#pplresultcontent4 tr'):
...     text = row.get_text(' | ', strip=True)
...     if text: print(text)
...
Tax Type | Bill Year | Tracer | Total Amount | Options
Installment | Due Date | Installment Amount | Status/Status Date
Secured | 2018-2019 | 01009500 | $8,773.64 | View Bill | Pay Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2018 | $4,386.82 | Paid Oct 31, 2018
2nd Installment | 04/10/2019 | $4,386.82

在使用showHistory选项的capitalY之前，不会包括历史记录（pplresultcontent5表）：

>>> payload['showHistory'] = 'Y'
>>> response = requests.post(URL, data=payload)
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'lxml')
>>> for row in soup.select('#pplresultcontent5 tr'):
...     text = row.get_text(' | ', strip=True)
...     if text: print(text)
...
Tax Type | Bill Year | Tracer | Total Amount | Options
Installment | Due Date | Installment Amount | Status/Status Date
Secured | 2017-2018 | 01009500 | $8,303.42 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2017 | $4,151.71 | Paid Dec 8, 2017
2nd Installment | 04/10/2018 | $4,151.71 | Paid Apr 6, 2018
Secured | 2016-2017 | 01009500 | $7,983.02 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2016 | $3,991.51 | Paid Dec 8, 2016
2nd Installment | 04/10/2017 | $3,991.51 | Paid Mar 30, 2017
Secured | 2015-2016 | 01009400 | $7,864.14 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2015 | $3,932.07 | Paid Dec 9, 2015
2nd Installment | 04/10/2016 | $3,932.07 | Paid Apr 8, 2016
Secured | 2014-2015 | 01009400 | $7,691.52 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2014 | $3,845.76 | Paid Dec 10, 2014
2nd Installment | 04/10/2015 | $3,845.76 | Paid Apr 7, 2015
Secured | 2013-2014 | 01009400 | $7,655.08 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2013 | $3,827.54 | Paid Dec 4, 2013
2nd Installment | 04/10/2014 | $3,827.54 | Paid Apr 9, 2014
Secured | 2012-2013 | 01009400 | $6,102.96 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2012 | $3,051.48 | Paid Dec 7, 2012
2nd Installment | 04/10/2013 | $3,051.48 | Paid Apr 8, 2013
Secured | 2011-2012 | 01009400 | $6,213.30 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2011 | $3,106.65 | Paid Dec 9, 2011
2nd Installment | 04/10/2012 | $3,106.65 | Paid Apr 10, 2012
Secured | 2010-2011 | 01069800 | $5,660.56 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2010 | $2,830.28 | Paid Dec 9, 2010
2nd Installment | 04/10/2011 | $2,830.28 | Paid Apr 10, 2011
Secured | 2009-2010 | 01070300 | $5,917.10 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2009 | $2,958.55 | Paid Dec 10, 2009
2nd Installment | 04/10/2010 | $2,958.55 | Paid Apr 10, 2010
Secured | 2008-2009 | 01070300 | $5,547.66 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2008 | $2,773.83 | Paid Dec 10, 2008
2nd Installment | 04/10/2009 | $2,773.83 | Paid Apr 10, 2009
Secured | 2007-2008 | 01069100 | $5,423.06 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2007 | $2,711.53 | Paid Dec 10, 2007
2nd Installment | 04/10/2008 | $2,711.53 | Paid Apr 10, 2008
Secured | 2006-2007 | 01069000 | $5,387.94 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2006 | $2,693.97 | Paid Dec 10, 2006
2nd Installment | 04/10/2007 | $2,693.97 | Paid Apr 10, 2007
Secured | 2005-2006 | 01069100 | $5,243.04 | View Bill
1st Installment | 12/10/2005 | $2,621.52 | Paid Dec 9, 2005
2nd Installment | 04/10/2006 | $2,621.52 | Paid Apr 10, 2006
Secured | 2004-2005 | 01068900 | $4,855.00 | View Bill
1st Installment | $2,427.50 | Paid Dec 10, 2004
2nd Installment | $2,427.50 | Paid Apr 10, 2005