如何在Django中获取用户IP地址？

Question

如何在django中获取用户的IP？

我有这样的看法：

# Create your views
from django.contrib.gis.utils import GeoIP
from django.template import  RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response


def home(request):
  g = GeoIP()
  client_ip = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
  lat,long = g.lat_lon(client_ip)
  return render_to_response('home_page_tmp.html',locals())

但我有个错误：

KeyError at /mypage/
    'REMOTE_ADDR'
    Request Method: GET
    Request URL:    http://mywebsite.com/mypage/
    Django Version: 1.2.4
    Exception Type: KeyError
    Exception Value:    
    'REMOTE_ADDR'
    Exception Location: /mysite/homepage/views.py in home, line 9
    Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
    Python Version: 2.6.6
    Python Path:    ['/mysite', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6', '/usr/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6']
    Server time:    Sun, 2 Jan 2011 20:42:50 -0600

Answer 1

def get_client_ip(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

确保您正确配置了反向代理（如果有的话）（例如，为Apache安装了mod_rpaf）。

注意：上面使用了X-Forwarded-For中的第一个项，但是您可能希望使用最后一个项（例如，在Heroku的情况下：Get client's real IP address on Heroku）

然后将请求作为参数传递给它

get_client_ip(request)

Answer 2

您可以使用django-ipware，它支持Python2&；3并处理IPv4&；IPv6。

安装：

pip install django-ipware

简单用法：

To get client's IP address.

# In a view or a middleware where the `request` object is available

from ipware import get_client_ip
ip, is_routable = get_client_ip(request)
if ip is None:
    # Unable to get the client's IP address
else:
    # We got the client's IP address
    if is_routable:
        # The client's IP address is publicly routable on the Internet
    else:
        # The client's IP address is private

# Order of precedence is (Public, Private, Loopback, None)

高级用法：

Custom Header - Custom request header for ipware to look at

i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR'])
i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'REMOTE_ADDR'])

Proxy Count - Django server is behind a fixed number of proxies

i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_count=1)

Trusted Proxies - Django server is behind one or more known & trusted proxies

i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2'))

# For multiple proxies, simply add them to the list
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2', '177.3.3.3'))

# For proxies with fixed sub-domain and dynamic IP addresses, use partial pattern
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.', '177.3.'))

注意：阅读此notice。

Answer 3

Alexander的回答很好，但是缺少代理的处理，代理有时会在Httpxforwardedforheader中返回多个IP。

真正的IP通常位于列表的末尾，如下所述：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For

解决方案是对Alexander的代码进行简单的修改：

def get_client_ip(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[-1].strip()
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip