Python中的多元线性回归

Question

我似乎找不到任何做多元回归的python库。我只发现简单的回归。我需要将因变量（y）与几个自变量（x1、x2、x3等）进行回归。

例如，使用此数据：

print 'y        x1      x2       x3       x4      x5     x6       x7'
for t in texts:
    print "{:>7.1f}{:>10.2f}{:>9.2f}{:>9.2f}{:>10.2f}{:>7.2f}{:>7.2f}{:>9.2f}" /
   .format(t.y,t.x1,t.x2,t.x3,t.x4,t.x5,t.x6,t.x7)

（以上输出：）

      y        x1       x2       x3        x4     x5     x6       x7
   -6.0     -4.95    -5.87    -0.76     14.73   4.02   0.20     0.45
   -5.0     -4.55    -4.52    -0.71     13.74   4.47   0.16     0.50
  -10.0    -10.96   -11.64    -0.98     15.49   4.18   0.19     0.53
   -5.0     -1.08    -3.36     0.75     24.72   4.96   0.16     0.60
   -8.0     -6.52    -7.45    -0.86     16.59   4.29   0.10     0.48
   -3.0     -0.81    -2.36    -0.50     22.44   4.81   0.15     0.53
   -6.0     -7.01    -7.33    -0.33     13.93   4.32   0.21     0.50
   -8.0     -4.46    -7.65    -0.94     11.40   4.43   0.16     0.49
   -8.0    -11.54   -10.03    -1.03     18.18   4.28   0.21     0.55

我将如何在python中对它们进行回归，以得到线性回归公式：

Y = a1x1 + a2x2 + a3x3 + a4x4 + a5x5 + a6x6 + +a7x7 + c

Answer 1

^{}将执行以下操作：

from sklearn import linear_model
clf = linear_model.LinearRegression()
clf.fit([[getattr(t, 'x%d' % i) for i in range(1, 8)] for t in texts],
        [t.y for t in texts])

那么clf.coef_将具有回归系数。

^{}也有类似的接口来对回归进行各种正则化。

Answer 2

这是我创作的一个小作品。我用R检查了一下，结果是正确的。

import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm

y = [1,2,3,4,3,4,5,4,5,5,4,5,4,5,4,5,6,5,4,5,4,3,4]

x = [
     [4,2,3,4,5,4,5,6,7,4,8,9,8,8,6,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5],
     [4,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,6,5],
     [4,1,2,5,6,7,8,9,7,8,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,7,6,6,4,4,4]
     ]

def reg_m(y, x):
    ones = np.ones(len(x[0]))
    X = sm.add_constant(np.column_stack((x[0], ones)))
    for ele in x[1:]:
        X = sm.add_constant(np.column_stack((ele, X)))
    results = sm.OLS(y, X).fit()
    return results

结果：

print reg_m(y, x).summary()

输出：

                            OLS Regression Results                            
==============================================================================
Dep. Variable:                      y   R-squared:                       0.535
Model:                            OLS   Adj. R-squared:                  0.461
Method:                 Least Squares   F-statistic:                     7.281
Date:                Tue, 19 Feb 2013   Prob (F-statistic):            0.00191
Time:                        21:51:28   Log-Likelihood:                -26.025
No. Observations:                  23   AIC:                             60.05
Df Residuals:                      19   BIC:                             64.59
Df Model:                           3                                         
==============================================================================
                 coef    std err          t      P>|t|      [95.0% Conf. Int.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x1             0.2424      0.139      1.739      0.098        -0.049     0.534
x2             0.2360      0.149      1.587      0.129        -0.075     0.547
x3            -0.0618      0.145     -0.427      0.674        -0.365     0.241
const          1.5704      0.633      2.481      0.023         0.245     2.895

==============================================================================
Omnibus:                        6.904   Durbin-Watson:                   1.905
Prob(Omnibus):                  0.032   Jarque-Bera (JB):                4.708
Skew:                          -0.849   Prob(JB):                       0.0950
Kurtosis:                       4.426   Cond. No.                         38.6

pandas提供了一种运行OLS的方便方法，如下面的答案所示：

Run an OLS regression with Pandas Data Frame

Answer 3

为了澄清，您给出的示例是多元线性回归，而不是多元线性回归参考。Difference：

The very simplest case of a single scalar predictor variable x and a single scalar response variable y is known as simple linear regression. The extension to multiple and/or vector-valued predictor variables (denoted with a capital X) is known as multiple linear regression, also known as multivariable linear regression. Nearly all real-world regression models involve multiple predictors, and basic descriptions of linear regression are often phrased in terms of the multiple regression model. Note, however, that in these cases the response variable y is still a scalar. Another term multivariate linear regression refers to cases where y is a vector, i.e., the same as general linear regression. The difference between multivariate linear regression and multivariable linear regression should be emphasized as it causes much confusion and misunderstanding in the literature.

简而言之：

• 多元线性回归：响应y是一个标量。
• 多元线性回归：反应y是一个向量。

（另一个source。）