用Python快速排序

Question

我对python完全不熟悉，我正在尝试在其中实现quicksort。 有人能帮我完成密码吗？

我不知道如何连接这三个数组并打印它们。

def sort(array=[12,4,5,6,7,3,1,15]):
    less = []
    equal = []
    greater = []

    if len(array) > 1:
        pivot = array[0]
        for x in array:
            if x < pivot:
                less.append(x)
            if x == pivot:
                equal.append(x)
            if x > pivot:
                greater.append(x)
            sort(less)
            sort(pivot)
            sort(greater)

Answer 1

无需额外内存的快速排序（就地）

用法：

array = [97, 200, 100, 101, 211, 107]
quicksort(array)
# array -> [97, 100, 101, 107, 200, 211]

def partition(array, begin, end):
    pivot = begin
    for i in xrange(begin+1, end+1):
        if array[i] <= array[begin]:
            pivot += 1
            array[i], array[pivot] = array[pivot], array[i]
    array[pivot], array[begin] = array[begin], array[pivot]
    return pivot



def quicksort(array, begin=0, end=None):
    if end is None:
        end = len(array) - 1
    def _quicksort(array, begin, end):
        if begin >= end:
            return
        pivot = partition(array, begin, end)
        _quicksort(array, begin, pivot-1)
        _quicksort(array, pivot+1, end)
    return _quicksort(array, begin, end)

Answer 2

还有一个简洁而美丽的版本

def qsort(arr): 
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    else:
        return qsort([x for x in arr[1:] if x < arr[0]]) + \
               [arr[0]] + \
               qsort([x for x in arr[1:] if x >= arr[0]])

# this comment is just to improve readability due to horizontal scroll!!!

让我详细解释一下上面的代码

1. 选取数组arr[0]的第一个元素作为轴

   [arr[0]]

2. qsort数组中小于轴的元素

   qsort([x for x in arr[1:] if x < arr[0]])

3. qsort数组中那些大于枢轴的元素

   qsort([x for x in arr[1:] if x >= arr[0]])

Answer 3

def sort(array=[12,4,5,6,7,3,1,15]):
    """Sort the array by using quicksort."""

    less = []
    equal = []
    greater = []

    if len(array) > 1:
        pivot = array[0]
        for x in array:
            if x < pivot:
                less.append(x)
            elif x == pivot:
                equal.append(x)
            elif x > pivot:
                greater.append(x)
        # Don't forget to return something!
        return sort(less)+equal+sort(greater)  # Just use the + operator to join lists
    # Note that you want equal ^^^^^ not pivot
    else:  # You need to handle the part at the end of the recursion - when you only have one element in your array, just return the array.
        return array