URL中的转义与号

Question

我正在尝试发送一个GET消息，该消息包含带与号的字符串，并且不知道如何在URL中转义与号。

示例：

http://www.example.com?candy_name=M&M
result => candy_name = M

我也试过：

http://www.example.com?candy_name=M\&M
result => candy_name = M\\

我是手动使用网址，所以我只需要正确的字符。

我不能用任何图书馆。怎么能做到？

Answer 1

这不仅适用于url中的与号，而且适用于所有reserved characters。其中包括：

 # $ & + ,  / : ; = ? @ [ ]

其思想与在HTML文档中对&进行编码相同，但除了在HTML文档中之外，上下文也已更改为在URI中。因此，百分比编码防止了在两个上下文中解析的问题。

当你需要将一个URL放在另一个URL中时，这个方法就非常有用了。例如，如果要在Twitter上发布状态：

http://www.twitter.com/intent/tweet?status=What%27s%20up%2C%20StackOverflow%3F(http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stackoverflow.com)

我的Tweet中有很多保留字符，即?'():/，因此我对statusURL参数的整个值进行了编码。这在使用具有消息正文或主题的mailto:链接时也很有用，因为您需要对body和subject参数进行编码，以保持换行符、与号等的完整性。

When a character from the reserved set (a "reserved character") has special meaning (a "reserved purpose") in a certain context, and a URI scheme says that it is necessary to use that character for some other purpose, then the character must be percent-encoded. Percent-encoding a reserved character involves converting the character to its corresponding byte value in ASCII and then representing that value as a pair of hexadecimal digits. The digits, preceded by a percent sign ("%") which is used as an escape character, are then used in the URI in place of the reserved character. (For a non-ASCII character, it is typically converted to its byte sequence in UTF-8, and then each byte value is represented as above.) The reserved character "/", for example, if used in the "path" component of a URI, has the special meaning of being a delimiter between path segments. If, according to a given URI scheme, "/" needs to be in a path segment, then the three characters "%2F" or "%2f" must be used in the segment instead of a raw "/".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding#Percent-encoding_reserved_characters

Answer 2

它们需要百分比编码：

> encodeURIComponent('&')
"%26"

所以在你的例子中，URL看起来像：

http://www.mysite.com?candy_name=M%26M

Answer 3

尝试使用http://www.example.org?candy_name=M%26M。

另请参见this reference和一些详细信息on Wikipedia。