如何在Python请求中禁用安全证书检查

Question

我在用

import requests
requests.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

但我收到一个请求。异常。SSLError。 网站有过期证书，但我不会发送敏感数据，所以这对我来说无关紧要。 我可以想象有一个像“verify=False”这样的参数可以使用，但我似乎找不到它。

Answer 1

要添加到Blender's answer，可以使用Session.verify = False对所有请求禁用SSL

import requests

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

请注意，urllib3（哪个请求使用），strongly discourages生成未验证的HTTPS请求，并将引发一个InsecureRequestWarning。

Answer 2

来自the documentation：

Requests can also ignore verifying the SSL certficate if you set verify to False.

>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False)
<Response [200]>

如果您正在使用第三方模块并希望禁用检查，这里有一个上下文管理器，它可以对requests进行修补并对其进行更改，使verify=False成为默认值并抑制警告。

import warnings
import contextlib

import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning


old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings

@contextlib.contextmanager
def no_ssl_verification():
    opened_adapters = set()

    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
        # Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close
        # all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of
        # verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager.
        opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url))

        settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)
        settings['verify'] = False

        return settings

    requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings

    try:
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning)
            yield
    finally:
        requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings

        for adapter in opened_adapters:
            try:
                adapter.close()
            except:
                pass

以下是使用方法：

with no_ssl_verification():
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
    print('It works')

    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
    print('Even if you try to force it to')

requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=False)
print('It resets back')

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = True

with no_ssl_verification():
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
    print('Works even here')

try:
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks')

try:
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks here again')

请注意，一旦您离开上下文管理器，此代码将关闭处理修补请求的所有打开的适配器。这是因为请求维护每个会话连接池，而证书验证在每个连接中只发生一次，因此会发生以下意外情况：

>>> import requests
>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=False)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>

Answer 3

对requests方法使用requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()和verify=False。

import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

# Suppress only the single warning from urllib3 needed.
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)

# Set `verify=False` on `requests.post`.
requests.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'}, verify=False)