<p>从Python 2.6开始,您可以使用内置的<a href="https://docs.python.org/library/ast.html#ast.literal_eval" rel="noreferrer">^{<cd1>}</a>:</p>
<pre><code>>>> import ast
>>> ast.literal_eval("{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}")
{'muffin': 'lolz', 'foo': 'kitty'}
</code></pre>
<p>这比使用<code>eval</code>更安全。正如它自己的文件所说:</p>
<pre>
>>> help(ast.literal_eval)
Help on function literal_eval in module ast:
literal_eval(node_or_string)
Safely evaluate an expression node or a string containing a Python
expression. The string or node provided may only consist of the following
Python literal structures: strings, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, booleans,
and None.
</pre>
<p>例如:</p>
<pre><code>>>> eval("shutil.rmtree('mongo')")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/shutil.py", line 208, in rmtree
onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())
File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/shutil.py", line 206, in rmtree
names = os.listdir(path)
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'mongo'
>>> ast.literal_eval("shutil.rmtree('mongo')")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/ast.py", line 68, in literal_eval
return _convert(node_or_string)
File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/ast.py", line 67, in _convert
raise ValueError('malformed string')
ValueError: malformed string
</code></pre>