无法更新pip3，即使我尝试更新

Question

总之，我似乎进入了一个循环，pip认为我使用的是过时的pip版本，但当我试图升级它时，不允许我使用。所以我尝试安装（从这个问题Jupyter Notebook can't find modules for python 3.6）：

(automl) brandomiranda~ ❯ pip3 install ipykernel --upgrade
python3 -m ipykernel install --user
Requirement already up-to-date: ipykernel in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (5.1.3)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: jupyter-client in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipykernel) (5.3.4)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: traitlets>=4.1.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipykernel) (4.3.3)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: appnope; platform_system == "Darwin" in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipykernel) (0.1.0)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: tornado>=4.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipykernel) (6.0.3)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: ipython>=5.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipykernel) (7.11.1)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: jupyter-core>=4.6.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from jupyter-client->ipykernel) (4.6.1)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: pyzmq>=13 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from jupyter-client->ipykernel) (18.1.1)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: python-dateutil>=2.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from jupyter-client->ipykernel) (2.8.1)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: six in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.1.0->ipykernel) (1.11.0)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: ipython-genutils in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.1.0->ipykernel) (0.2.0)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: decorator in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.1.0->ipykernel) (4.4.1)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: backcall in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (0.1.0)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: pickleshare in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (0.7.5)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: pexpect; sys_platform != "win32" in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (4.7.0)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (3.0.2)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: jedi>=0.10 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (0.15.2)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: pygments in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (2.5.2)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: setuptools>=18.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (39.0.1)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: ptyprocess>=0.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pexpect; sys_platform != "win32"->ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (0.6.0)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: wcwidth in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (0.1.8)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: parso>=0.5.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from jedi>=0.10->ipython>=5.0.0->ipykernel) (0.5.2)
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 19.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Installed kernelspec python3 in /Users/brandomiranda/Library/Jupyter/kernels/python3

好吧，我会升级，但它认为已经升级了：

^{pr2}$

但当我再次尝试安装时，它失败了，并显示了相同的消息。这似乎是一个鸡和蛋的问题。有人知道怎么回事吗？在

---

过时的：

我最近做了一个pip3 list来检查我在虚拟环境中安装了哪些模块/项目，并得到了升级pip的建议。我试过了，但似乎无法更新/升级。我做到了：

$ pip3 list
namespaces (4.2.0)
pip (8.0.2)
scikit-learn (0.18.1)
setuptools (19.4)
six (1.10.0)
wheel (0.26.0)
You are using pip version 8.0.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

所以我试着这么做，它说它是有效的：

$ pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Users/user/home_simulation_research/hbf_tensorflow_code/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages

因为它说它一直在那里，我又做了一次pip3列表，它一直说我实际上没有升级它。由于使用标准pip命令进行更新不起作用，因此我尝试使用pip3进行更新，但仍然不起作用：

pip3 install --upgrade pip3
Collecting pip3
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip3 (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for pip3
You are using pip version 8.0.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

为什么不管用？在

---

就在我觉得没用的时候，我试着用pip3升级pip，用pip3升级pip3。由于某些原因，后者似乎不起作用，但第一个有效。i、 e.做：

$ pip3 install --upgrade pip

工作（或至少pip3 list）停止请求我升级。为什么？只是我，还是这真的很奇怪？在

Answer 1

当您运行pip3 list时，您正在列出为python3安装的包，当您运行pip install upgrade pip时，您正在检查python2包的更新。当您运行pip3 install upgrade pip3时，会出现一个错误，因为没有名为pip3的包，pip3是pip包中提供的命令行工具。当您最后运行pip3 install upgrade pip时，您做的是正确的（安装python3的更新，包名为pip）。在

Answer 2

如果您注意到站点包路径的不同，您将得到它。在

当您使用pip3时，/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages路径显示为python3.6。在

参考号：

(automl) brandomiranda~ ❯ pip3 install ipykernel  upgrade
python3 -m ipykernel install  user
Requirement already up-to-date: ipykernel in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (5.1.3)

当你只使用pip时，你会看到它是python3.7和完全不同的站点包路径./miniconda3/envs/automl/lib/python3.7/site-packages

参考号：

^{pr2}$

所以两者都是不同的：pip3指向的是Python3.6的直接系统路径（/usr/local/libdocs），而pip指向安装Python3.7的虚拟环境路径（./miniconda3/envs/automl/lib/）。在

你需要决定升级和使用哪一个。拥有虚拟环境是最佳实践。在

Answer 3

对我有用的是卸载并安装pip。在

要卸载pip，请执行以下操作：

pip uninstall pip

尽管我去了/usr/local/bin，删除了所有带有pip name的内容：

^{pr2}$

有一些pip3的东西仍然很奇怪。在

然后我用sudo easy install安装pip（已弃用）：

sudo easy_install pip

虽然这个命令被弃用了，所以必须在mac上做一些其他的事情，但目前还可以（并且使我的jupyter笔记本再次工作，从而解决了这个问题Jupyter Notebook can't find modules for python 3.6）。在