为什么在检查冲突时会出现类型错误？如何修复？

Question

我是Python的初学者，我正在用Pygame制作一个简单的2D游戏。除了使用pygame.Rect函数进行碰撞检查外，我几乎完成了。我试图在注释“碰撞检测”下检查与car2和car的碰撞，但我得到--TypeError:无效的rectstyle参数。我为此研究了很长一段时间，但我就是不能在我的代码中使用它。如果有人帮助解决这个问题，我将不胜感激

import pygame
import random
import math


pygame.init()


black = (0, 0, 0)

screen_width = 600
screen_length = 800
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_length, screen_width))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 60

icon = pygame.image.load('car.png')
pygame.display.set_icon(icon)

#game caption
pygame.display.set_caption("Car game")




#Main car
car = pygame.image.load('car.png')
carX = 370
carY = 470 
carX_change = 0

#second car
car2 = pygame.image.load('car2.png')
car2_rect = car.get_rect()
car2_X = random.randint(200, 600)
car2_Y = random.randint(-50, 0)
car2Y_speed = 13


#road side trees
tree1Img = pygame.image.load('tree1.png')
tree1_X = 70
tree1_Y = 30

tree2Img = pygame.image.load("tree2.png")
tree2_X = 700
tree2_Y = 300


tree3Img = pygame.image.load("tree3.png")
tree3_X = 70
tree3_Y = 400

tree4Img = pygame.image.load("tree4.png")
tree4_X = 700
tree4_Y = 50



#game functions
def car1(x, y):
    screen.blit(car, car_rect, (x, y))

def car_2(x, y):
    global car2_Y
    global car2_X
    screen.blit(car2, car2_rect, (x, y))
    car2_Y += car2Y_speed
    if car2_Y > screen_length:
        car2_X = random.randint(200, 545)
        car2_Y = random.randint(-50, 0)   


def tree1(x, y):
    global tree1_Y
    screen.blit(tree1Img, (x, y))
    tree1_Y += 10
    if tree1_Y >= screen_width:
        tree1_Y = -50


def tree2(x, y):
    global tree2_Y
    screen.blit(tree2Img, (x, y))
    tree2_Y += 10
    if tree2_Y >= screen_width:
        tree2_Y = -50


def tree3(x, y):
    global tree3_Y
    screen.blit(tree2Img, (x, y))
    tree3_Y += 10
    if tree3_Y >= screen_width:
        tree3_Y = -50


def tree4(x, y):
    global tree4_Y
    screen.blit(tree4Img, (x, y))
    tree4_Y += 10
    if tree4_Y >= screen_width:
        tree4_Y = -50

# 1st Road marker's movement
rectangleX = 426
rectangleY = 100
def roadmarker_move():
    global rectangleY
    if running == True:
        rectangleY += 10
    if rectangleY == 610:
        rectangleY = -50


#2nd road marker's movement
rectangle2_X = 426
rectangle2_Y = 410
def roadmarker2_move():
    global rectangle2_Y
    if running == True:
        rectangle2_Y += 10
    if rectangle2_Y == 610:
        rectangle2_Y = -50





#Main game loop
running = True
while running:
    screen.fill((119, 118, 110))
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                carX_change = 48
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                carX_change = -48

        if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                carX_change = 0
        carX += carX_change



    #drawing Road lines
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (639, 0), (639, 600), 10)
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (200, 0), (200, 600), 10)

    
    #drawing the 1st road markers
    rectangle = pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, (rectangleX, rectangleY, 15, 80))
    roadmarker_move()

    #drawing the 2nd road markers
    rectangle = pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, (rectangle2_X, rectangle2_Y, 15, 80))
    roadmarker2_move()

    #setting boundries
    if carX <= 170:
        carX = 170
    elif carX >= 547:
        carX = 547

    #collision detecting
    car_rect = car.get_rect()
    car_rect.topleft = (carX, carY)
    car_rect.move_ip((carX_change, 0))

    car2_rect = car2.get_rect()
    car2_rect.topleft = (car2_X, car2_Y)
    car2_rect.move_ip((car2Y_speed, 0))

    if ( car_rect.colliderect(car2_rect) ):
        print( "car hit tree" )


    car1(carX, carY)
    car_2(car2_X, car2_Y)
    tree1(tree1_X, tree1_Y)
    tree2(tree2_X, tree2_Y)
    tree3(tree3_X, tree3_Y)
    tree4(tree4_X, tree4_Y)
    clock.tick(FPS)
    pygame.display.update()

pygame.quit()

Answer 1

属性的名称是topleft，而不是top_left。见^{}

此外，move_ip必须应用于pygame.Rect对象，而不是曲面：

car.move_ip((carX_change, 0))

car_rect.move_ip((carX_change, 0))

最后car_rect(x, y)一点意义都没有。将带有car位置的元组传递给函数car1中的方法^{}就足够了：

screen.blit(car, car_rect(x, y))

screen.blit(car, (x, y))

分别在函数car_2中

screen.blit(car2, car2_rect, (x, y))

screen.blit(car2, (x, y))

---

要改善碰撞，必须确保碰撞矩形反映车辆的实际位置。您错误地移动了碰撞矩形。删除此代码行，并在车辆移动后进行碰撞测试：

car1(carX, carY)      # < - INSERT
car_2(car2_X, car2_Y) # < - INSERT

car_rect = car.get_rect()
car_rect.topleft = (carX, carY)
#car_rect.move_ip((carX_change, 0)) < - DELETE

car2_rect = car2.get_rect()
car2_rect.topleft = (car2_X, car2_Y)
#car2_rect.move_ip((car2Y_speed, 0)) < - DELETE

#car1(carX, carY)       < - DELETE
#car_2(car2_X, car2_Y)  < - DELETE

---

完整示例：

import pygame
import random
import math


pygame.init()


black = (0, 0, 0)

screen_width = 600
screen_length = 800
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_length, screen_width))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 60

icon = pygame.image.load('car.png')
pygame.display.set_icon(icon)

#game caption
pygame.display.set_caption("Car game")


#Main car
car = pygame.image.load('car.png')
carX = 370
carY = 470 
carX_change = 0

#second car
car2 = pygame.image.load('car2.png')
car2_rect = car.get_rect()
car2_X = random.randint(200, 600)
car2_Y = random.randint(-50, 0)
car2Y_speed = 13


#road side trees
tree1Img = pygame.image.load('tree1.png')
tree1_X = 70
tree1_Y = 30

tree2Img = pygame.image.load("tree2.png")
tree2_X = 700
tree2_Y = 300


tree3Img = pygame.image.load("tree3.png")
tree3_X = 70
tree3_Y = 400

tree4Img = pygame.image.load("tree4.png")
tree4_X = 700
tree4_Y = 50

#game functions
def car1(x, y):
    screen.blit(car, (x, y))

def car_2(x, y):
    global car2_Y
    global car2_X
    screen.blit(car2, (x, y))
    car2_Y += car2Y_speed
    if car2_Y > screen_length:
        car2_X = random.randint(200, 545)
        car2_Y = random.randint(-50, 0)   


def tree1(x, y):
    global tree1_Y
    screen.blit(tree1Img, (x, y))
    tree1_Y += 10
    if tree1_Y >= screen_width:
        tree1_Y = -50


def tree2(x, y):
    global tree2_Y
    screen.blit(tree2Img, (x, y))
    tree2_Y += 10
    if tree2_Y >= screen_width:
        tree2_Y = -50


def tree3(x, y):
    global tree3_Y
    screen.blit(tree2Img, (x, y))
    tree3_Y += 10
    if tree3_Y >= screen_width:
        tree3_Y = -50


def tree4(x, y):
    global tree4_Y
    screen.blit(tree4Img, (x, y))
    tree4_Y += 10
    if tree4_Y >= screen_width:
        tree4_Y = -50

# 1st Road marker's movement
rectangleX = 426
rectangleY = 100
def roadmarker_move():
    global rectangleY
    if running == True:
        rectangleY += 10
    if rectangleY == 610:
        rectangleY = -50


#2nd road marker's movement
rectangle2_X = 426
rectangle2_Y = 410
def roadmarker2_move():
    global rectangle2_Y
    if running == True:
        rectangle2_Y += 10
    if rectangle2_Y == 610:
        rectangle2_Y = -50

#Main game loop
running = True
while running:
    screen.fill((119, 118, 110))
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                carX_change = 48
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                carX_change = -48

        if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                carX_change = 0
        carX += carX_change



    #drawing Road lines
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (639, 0), (639, 600), 10)
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (200, 0), (200, 600), 10)

    
    #drawing the 1st road markers
    rectangle = pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, (rectangleX, rectangleY, 15, 80))
    roadmarker_move()

    #drawing the 2nd road markers
    rectangle = pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, (rectangle2_X, rectangle2_Y, 15, 80))
    roadmarker2_move()

    #setting boundries
    if carX <= 170:
        carX = 170
    elif carX >= 547:
        carX = 547

    car1(carX, carY)
    car_2(car2_X, car2_Y)

    #collision detecting
    car_rect = car.get_rect()
    car_rect.topleft = (carX, carY)
    
    car2_rect = car2.get_rect()
    car2_rect.topleft = (car2_X, car2_Y)
    
    if ( car_rect.colliderect(car2_rect) ):
        print( "car hit tree" )

    tree1(tree1_X, tree1_Y)
    tree2(tree2_X, tree2_Y)
    tree3(tree3_X, tree3_Y)
    tree4(tree4_X, tree4_Y)
    clock.tick(FPS)
    pygame.display.update()

pygame.quit()