Python解析嵌套的JSON文件并取出特定属性

Question

我这里有一个大的JSON文件，看起来像这样：

data = {
    "Module1": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "1",
        "SourceDir": "pathModule1",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        },
        "Vendor": "comp",
        "components":{
            "Component1": {
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            },
            "Component2":{
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            }
        }
    },
    "Module2": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "2",
        "SourceDir": "pathModule2",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        },
        "Vendor": "comp",
        "components":{
            "Component1": {
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            },
            "Component2":{
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            }
        }
    },
    "Module3": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "3",
        "SourceDir": "path",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        },
        "Vendor": "",
    },
    "Module4": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "4",
        "SourceDir": "path",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        }
    }
}

我必须从中拿出一些东西，所以最后我得到了这个：

当供应商字段等于“comp”时，考虑该模块，考虑其SourceDir字段、所有组件及其路径和包含

因此，产出将是：

模块1，“路径模块1”，组件：[组件1，路径，[包括：包括1，包括2，包括3，包括4，包括5]，[组件2，路径，包括：[包括1，包括2，包括3，包括4，包括5]]

模块2，“路径模块2”，组件：[组件1，路径，[包括：包括1，包括2，包括3，包括4，包括5]，[组件2，路径，包括：[包括1，包括2，包括3，包括4，包括5]]

我真的很难访问我需要的所有字段

我目前的代码是：

with open ("DB.json", 'r') as f:
    modules= json.load(f)

for k in modules.keys():
    try:
        if swc_list[k]["Vendor"] == "comp":
            list_components.append(k)
            sourceDirList.append(swc_list[k]['SourceDir'])
            for i in swc_list[k]['sw_objects']:
                 list_sw_objects.append((swc_list[k]['sw_objects']))
    except KeyError:
        continue

我只获取Module1和sourceDir，而不获取Component1、2及其属性。。 我怎样才能做到这一点

谢谢

Answer 1

首先，我会过滤掉你不感兴趣的项目，比如：

data = {k: v for k,v in data.items() if v.get("Vendor") == "comp"}

这会删除所有您不想要的模块。这有点低效，因为您正在第二次对字典进行解析，以获得所需格式的数据，但作为第一步，更容易进行推理，这很有帮助

在这一点上，如果需要，您可以再次迭代字典-您可以得到如下结果：

{'Module1': {'Attributes': {'some'},
             'Description': '',
             'Layer': '1',
             'SourceDir': 'pathModule1',
             'Vendor': 'comp',
             'components': {'Component1': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'},
                            'Component2': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'}}},
 'Module2': {'Attributes': {'some'},
             'Description': '',
             'Layer': '2',
             'SourceDir': 'pathModule2',
             'Vendor': 'comp',
             'components': {'Component1': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'},
                            'Component2': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'}}}}

要仅打印源目录和组件，可以执行以下操作：

for k,v in data2.items():
    print(k, v["SourceDir"], v["components"])

这将给你：

Module1 pathModule1 {'Component1': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}, 'Component2': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}}
Module2 pathModule2 {'Component1': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}, 'Component2': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}}

编辑： 要进一步细化输出，可以将上述循环更改为：

for k,v in data2.items():
    components = [(comp_name, comp_data["path"], comp_data["includes"]) for comp_name, comp_data in v["components"].items()]
    print(k, v["SourceDir"], components)

这将给你：

Module1 pathModule1 [('Component1', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']), ('Component2', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5'])]
Module2 pathModule2 [('Component1', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']), ('Component2', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5'])]