尝试将文件移动到其他位置时出现权限错误

Question

我正在做一个项目，在将文件移动到不同的子文件夹时遇到问题。例如，我在主文件夹中有两个文件，我想读第一行，如果第一行有“Job”一词，那么我将移动到子文件夹（main_folder/files/jobs）。我的代码如下所示：

# Get all file names in the directory
def file_names():
    files = [file for file in listdir(source_dir) if file.endswith('csv')]
    return files

# Read files and separate them
def categorize_files(files):
    for file in files:
        with open(file, mode='r', encoding='utf8') as f:
            text = f.readline().split(",")
            if 'Job ID' in text[0]:
                ## Problem Here ##
                move_files(file, 'jobs/')
                f.close()
                print("This is a job related file")
            else:
                print("no")

    return True

# Move files
def move_files(file_name, category):
    print(file_name)
    print(category)
    return shutil.move(source_dir + file_name, destination_dir + category + file_name)

所以根据我的研究，我猜这个文件仍然是打开的（？），所以我试着关闭它。然后继续，但不知何故，我在子文件夹中有一个文件，而原始文件仍在主文件夹中。错误如下所示：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Muffin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\shutil.py", line 557, in move
    os.rename(src, real_dst)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:/Users/Muffin/Desktop/python/projects/Telegram-Database/file_14.csv' -> 'C:/Users/Muffin/Desktop/python/projects/Telegram-Database/files/jobs/file_14.csv'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Muffin/Desktop/python/projects/Telegram-Database/file_organizer.py", line 38, in <module>
    categorize_files(files)
  File "C:/Users/Muffin/Desktop/python/projects/Telegram-Database/file_organizer.py", line 22, in categorize_files
    move_files(file, 'jobs/')
  File "C:/Users/Muffin/Desktop/python/projects/Telegram-Database/file_organizer.py", line 35, in move_files
    return shutil.move(source_dir + file_name, destination_dir + category + file_name)
  File "C:\Users\Muffin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\shutil.py", line 572, in move
    os.unlink(src)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:/Users/Muffin/Desktop/python/projects/Telegram-Database/file_14.csv'

有人能解释一下我为什么有问题吗？如有任何建议，将不胜感激

++我还尝试关闭该文件。甚至重新启动计算机，从未打开任何文件。仍然会得到相同的错误

Answer 1

出现错误是因为您试图在with语句中移动已打开以供读取的文件。下面通过将调用移动到move_files()来避免这种情况，因此在关闭文件之前不会调用它

# Read files and separate them
def categorize_files(files):
    for file in files:
        with open(file, mode='r', encoding='utf8') as f:
            text = f.readline().split(",")
        if 'Job ID' in text[0]:
            move_files(file, 'jobs/')
            print("This is a job related file")
        else:
            print("no")

    return True

Answer 2

发生此错误的原因是，您试图在文件处于活动状态并在with语句中读取时移动该文件。如果将if语句取消缩进一层，则问题应该得到解决。这将关闭文件并允许其移动。代码如下：

# Read files and separate them
def categorize_files(files):
    for file in files:
        with open(file, mode='r', encoding='utf8') as f:
            text = f.readline().split(",")
        if 'Job ID' in text[0]:
            ## Problem Here ##
            move_files(file, 'jobs/')
            f.close()
            print("This is a job related file")
        else:
            print("no")

    return True

Answer 3

最简单的解决方案就是在程序中取消插入if块

# Get all file names in the directory
def file_names():
    files = [file for file in listdir(source_dir) if file.endswith('csv')]
    return files

# Read files and separate them
def categorize_files(files):
    for file in files:

        with open(file, mode='r', encoding='utf8') as f:
            text = f.readline().split(",")

        if 'Job ID' in text[0]:
            ## Problem Here ##
            move_files(file, 'jobs/')
            f.close()
            print("This is a job related file")
        else:
            print("no")

    return True

# Move files
def move_files(file_name, category):
    print(file_name)
    print(category)
    return shutil.move(source_dir + file_name, destination_dir + category + file_name)

尽管如此，我可能甚至不会为这个应用程序使用with块，只是：

text = open(file, mode='r', encoding='utf8').readline().split(",")

编辑：在我（有点反常）对一行程序的热爱中，if语句可以简化为：

if 'Job ID' in open(file, mode='r', encoding='utf8').readline().split(",")[0]:

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