如何改进随机字符串生成器

Question

我设法创建了一个简单的随机字符串生成器，它可以打印一个随机的字母字符串，x次，列表中的每个迭代的随机长度在3-10个字符之间。我对Python还不熟悉，而且仍在学习一些基础知识，所以请耐心听我说。我的程序按预期工作，但我很确定我的代码可以优化。我真的很想学习最佳实践并扩展我的知识。这是我的第一篇文章。如果我来错了地方，我会道歉

import random

class Randomize:
    alphabet = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
    choice1 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice2 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice3 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice4 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice5 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice6 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice7 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice8 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice9 = random.choice(alphabet)
    choice10 = random.choice(alphabet)
    three_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3
    four_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3 + choice4
    five_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3 + choice4 + choice5
    six_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3 + choice4 + choice5 + choice6
    seven_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3 + choice4 + choice5 + choice6 + choice7
    eight_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3 + choice4 + choice5 + choice6 + choice7 + choice8
    nine_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3 + choice4 + choice5 + choice6 + choice7 + choice8 + choice9
    ten_letters = choice1 + choice2 + choice3 + choice4 + choice5 + choice6 + choice7 + choice8 + choice9 + choice10
    word_length = [three_letters, four_letters, five_letters, six_letters, seven_letters, eight_letters, nine_letters, ten_letters]
    word = random.choice(word_length)

def gen(self):
    for i in range(10):
        print (Randomize.word)
        Randomize.choice1 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice2 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice3 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice4 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice5 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice6 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice7 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice8 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice9 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.choice10 = random.choice(Randomize.alphabet)
        Randomize.three_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3
        Randomize.four_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3 + Randomize.choice4
        Randomize.five_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3 + Randomize.choice4 + Randomize.choice5
        Randomize.six_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3 + Randomize.choice4 + Randomize.choice5 + Randomize.choice6
        Randomize.seven_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3 + Randomize.choice4 + Randomize.choice5 + Randomize.choice6 + Randomize.choice7
        Randomize.eight_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3 + Randomize.choice4 + Randomize.choice5 + Randomize.choice6 + Randomize.choice7 + Randomize.choice8
        Randomize.nine_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3 + Randomize.choice4 + Randomize.choice5 + Randomize.choice6 + Randomize.choice7 + Randomize.choice8 + Randomize.choice9
        Randomize.ten_letters = Randomize.choice1 + Randomize.choice2 + Randomize.choice3 + Randomize.choice4 + Randomize.choice5 + Randomize.choice6 + Randomize.choice7 + Randomize.choice8 + Randomize.choice9 + Randomize.choice10
        Randomize.word_length = [Randomize.three_letters, Randomize.four_letters, Randomize.five_letters, Randomize.six_letters, Randomize.seven_letters, Randomize.eight_letters, Randomize.nine_letters, Randomize.ten_letters]
        Randomize.word = random.choice(Randomize.word_length)

name = Randomize()
name.gen()
print('Generated 10 names.')

编辑*

我发现我收到的一系列建议效果最好。这是一个比我第一次尝试要优越得多的新版本。使用.join和参数k设置每个字符串生成的长度对我来说是一个巨大的启示。谢谢

import random

def gen():
    ltrs = list('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
    word = "".join(random.choices(ltrs, k=random.randint(3,10)))
    for i in range(1000):
        print(word)
        word = "".join(random.choices(ltrs, k=random.randint(3,10)))

gen()

Answer 1

欢迎来到这个网站

有几种方法可以从集合中随机选择对象。您可以在以下位置检查dox：

random.choice()
random.choices()
random.sample()

寻求灵感。此外，numpy库还有一些选项

如果您想使用替换对进行采样，那么random.choices是一个不错的选择

In [7]: from random import choices   

In [11]: a = list('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')                                                             

In [12]: choices(a, k=10)                                                                                   
Out[12]: ['l', 'a', 'c', 'y', 's', 'u', 'c', 'n', 'g', 'n']

In [13]:  

Answer 2

这里有一些地方可以改进

首先，在本例中，“Randomize”不需要是一个类，而是可以被单个函数替换（我们称之为randomWord()）。 其次，您可以选择使用相同的random库使用的字母数，只需使用不同的函数（random.randint）。 最后，有一种内置的方法可以获取小写字母（string.ascii_lowercase），因此无需自己键入

下面是一些您可以使用的示例代码：

import random
from string import ascii_lowercase as alphabet

def randomWord():
    length = random.randint(3, 10) # randint gives you a random number between the two arguments, inclusive
    word = "" # initialises an empty string that we will build up with letters
    for i in range(length): # iterates 'length' times
        word += random.choice(alphabet) # this appends a new random letter to the word we're building up
    return word

print(randomWord())
print("We printed a random word between 3 and 10 characters!")

当然，您可以将randomWord()放入for循环中，以获得10个随机单词

Answer 3

这个

alphabet = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']

相当于这个

import string
alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase

然后，您可以使用一种方法生成给定长度的随机字符串

def get_random_string(length):
    alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase
    result_str = ""
    for i in length:
        result_str += random.choice(alphabet) 
    return result_str

最后，使用它不精确地生成随机字符串

for i in range(10):
    length = random.randint(3,9)
    random_string = get_random_string(length)
    print(random_string)

生成的脚本将是

import string
import random
alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase

def get_random_string(length):
    alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase
    result_str = ""
    for i in length:
        result_str += random.choice(alphabet) 
    return result_str

for i in range(10):
    length = random.randint(3,9)
    random_string = get_random_string(length)
    print(random_string)