目前我正在编辑XML文档,我必须编辑一些标记及其属性。到目前为止,我一直在使用ElementTree
库,但是我遇到了名称空间保留方面的问题,所以我尝试重写脚本以使用lxml
ElementTree
然而,在遍历文档标记时,这对我来说是非常合乎逻辑的。下面是一个示例,我将提供删除XML中Ext
标记的代码,并将Resolution
标记文本更改为不同的值
元素树:
namespaces = dict([elem for _, elem in ET.iterparse(adiPath, events=['start-ns'])])
for ns in namespaces:
ET.register_namespace(ns, namespaces[ns])
for asset in root.findall('.//{*}Asset'):
if 'title:TitleType' in asset.attrib.values():
ext = asset.find('.//{*}Ext')
if ext != None:
asset.remove(ext)
if 'content:PreviewType' in asset.attrib.values():
resolution = asset.find(".//{*}Resolution")
resolution.text = 'different value'
是否可以以与上述类似的方式遍历XML文件,但不使用ET
而使用lxml
XML文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ADI3 xmlns="urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:core:3.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:content="urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:content:3.0"
xmlns:core="urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:core:3.0"
xmlns:offer="urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:offer:3.0"
xmlns:terms="urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:terms:3.0"
xmlns:title="urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:title:3.0"
xmlns:adb="urn:adb:md:xsd:adb:01"
xmlns:schemaLocation="urn:adb:md:xsd:adb:01 ADB-EXT-C01.xsd urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:core:3.0 MD-SP-CORE-C01.xsd urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:content:3.0 MD-SP-CONTENT-C01.xsd urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:offer:3.0 MD-SP-OFFER-C01.xsd urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:terms:3.0 MD-SP-TERMS-C01.xsd urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:title:3.0 MD-SP-TITLE-C01.xsd"
xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace">
<Asset xsi:type="title:TitleType" uriId="ID" providerVersionNum="5"
internalVersionNum="0" creationDateTime="2020-04-22T00:00:00Z"
startDateTime="2020-03-24T09:00:00Z" endDateTime="2022-10-06T23:59:00Z">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">ID</AlternateId>
<ProviderQAContact>Contact</ProviderQAContact>
<Ext>
<adb:ExtensionType>
<adb:TitleExt>
<adb:SeriesInfo episodeNumber="16">
<adb:series seriesId="106585" seasonCount="2"/>
<adb:season seasonId="106586" number="1" episodeCount="22"/>
</adb:SeriesInfo>
</adb:TitleExt>
</adb:ExtensionType>
</Ext>
<title:LocalizableTitle xml:lang="pol">
<title:TitleLong>BATWOMAN EP. 16 - THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS</title:TitleLong>
<title:SummaryLong> Very long summary...</title:SummaryLong>
<title:Actor fullName="Ruby Rose" firstName="Ruby" lastName="Rose"/>
<title:Actor fullName="Rachel Skarsten" firstName="Rachel" lastName="Skarsten"/>
<title:Actor fullName="Meagan Tandy" firstName="Meagan" lastName="Tandy"/>
<title:Actor fullName="Camrus Johnson" firstName="Camrus" lastName="Johnson"/>
<title:Director fullName="Sudz Sutherland" firstName="Sudz" lastName="Sutherland"/>
</title:LocalizableTitle>
<title:Rating ratingSystem="PL">12</title:Rating>
<title:DisplayRunTime>00:40</title:DisplayRunTime>
<title:Year>2019</title:Year>
<title:CountryOfOrigin>US</title:CountryOfOrigin>
<title:Genre>Genre</title:Genre>
<title:ShowType>Movie</title:ShowType>
</Asset>
<Asset xsi:type="offer:CategoryType" uriId="ID">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">ID</AlternateId>
<offer:CategoryPath>Path</offer:CategoryPath>
</Asset>
<Asset xsi:type="content:MovieType" uriId="namemp4">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">namemp4</AlternateId>
<content:SourceUrl>name.mp4</content:SourceUrl>
<content:Resolution>resolution</content:Resolution>
<content:Duration>PT0H40M40S</content:Duration>
<content:Language>pol</content:Language>
<content:SubtitleLanguage>pol</content:SubtitleLanguage>
<content:SubtitleLanguage>eng</content:SubtitleLanguage>
</Asset>
<Asset uriId="ID" xsi:type="content:MovieType">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">ID</AlternateId>
<Provider>Prov</Provider>
<content:SourceUrl>sub.srt</content:SourceUrl>
</Asset>
<Asset uriId="ID" xsi:type="content:MovieType">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">ID</AlternateId>
<Provider>Prov</Provider>
<content:SourceUrl>sub.srt</content:SourceUrl>
</Asset>
<Asset xsi:type="content:PosterType" uriId="ID">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">ID</AlternateId>
<content:SourceUrl>poster.jpg</content:SourceUrl>
<content:X_Resolution>700</content:X_Resolution>
<content:Y_Resolution>1000</content:Y_Resolution>
<content:Language>pol</content:Language>
</Asset>
<Asset xsi:type="offer:ContentGroupType" uriId="ID">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">ID</AlternateId>
<offer:TitleRef uriId="ID"/>
<offer:MovieRef uriId="namets"/>
<offer:MovieRef uriId="subs"/>
<offer:MovieRef uriId="subs"/>
</Asset>
<Asset xsi:type="offer:ContentGroupType" uriId="ID">
<AlternateId identifierSystem="VOD1.1">ID</AlternateId>
<offer:TitleRef uriId="ID"/>
<offer:MovieRef uriId="poster"/>
</Asset>
</ADI3>
对输入文档的观察:
xmlns="..."
)定义为urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:core:3.0
李>xmlns:core="urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:core:3.0"
)李>xmlns:schemaLocation
是错误的,应该是xsi:schemaLocation
李>urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:terms:3.0
)的名称空间根本不使用李>当您阅读并再次编写此文档时,正如您的代码示例所做的那样,所有信息都将被保留
但不能保证输出文档是输入文档的逐字符副本这不是XML的工作方式,这是一个不合理的期望。重要的保证是输出文档在语义上与输入文档等价
代码运行时,会生成以下输出(节略):
与以前一样,
ADI3
元素仍然在urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:core:3.0
名称空间中。这是通过默认名称空间还是通过显式前缀实现的都是无关紧要的。ElementTree知道这个名称空间的前缀“core”,并决定使用它。这没什么错,还是一样输出中缺少名称空间
urn:cablelabs:md:xsd:terms:3.0
(“术语”),因为它在输入中未使用,保留未使用的声明是没有意义的同样的事情也适用于“schemaLocation”——因为您将其作为名称空间声明(
xmlns:schemaLocation
)编写,ElementTree发现这个“名称空间”未被使用并将其剥离。正确的应该是具有命名空间(xsi:schemaLocation
)的属性。更正该错误后,该项将保留在输出中总而言之:你没有问题。输出文档是相同的
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