<p>您的问题之前的编辑是<em>“或以字典格式”</em>,我将在这里使用:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import collections
grouped = collections.defaultdict(list)
for item in list1+list2: # or itertools.chain(list1, list2)
grouped[item.split('_')[2]].append(item)
</code></pre>
<p><code>grouped</code>是:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>defaultdict(list,
{'20200821091044': ['1003_0123_20200821091044_ion_fri_jl.dat',
'CCA CTAD USD GAAPA_202103311352_20200821091044_FRI'],
'20200821090605': ['8005_0086_20200821090605_ion_fri_jl.dat',
'ICM CCA CADD USD GAAP_202103311352_20200821090605_FRI'],
'20200821091999': ['1003_0123_20200821091999_ion_fri_jl.dat',
'IMM CCA CADD USD GAAP_202103311352_20200821091999_FRI']})
</code></pre>
<p>或<code>list(grouped.values())</code>将其放入成对列表中:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>[['1003_0123_20200821091044_ion_fri_jl.dat',
'CCA CTAD USD GAAPA_202103311352_20200821091044_FRI'],
['8005_0086_20200821090605_ion_fri_jl.dat',
'ICM CCA CADD USD GAAP_202103311352_20200821090605_FRI'],
['1003_0123_20200821091999_ion_fri_jl.dat',
'IMM CCA CADD USD GAAP_202103311352_20200821091999_FRI']]
</code></pre>