当我试图实现python代码来模拟死锁时,我遇到了一些有趣的问题:
1)我使用以下代码模拟死锁
1 from threading import *
2 import time
3
4
5 def thread_one(lock1, lock2):
6 print("thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 1")
7 lock1.acquire()
8 print("lock1 acquired by thread 1")
9 time.sleep(1)
10 print("thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 2")
11 lock2.acquire()
12
13
14 def thread_two(lock1, lock2):
15 print("thread 2 is trying to acquire lock 2")
16 lock2.acquire()
17 print("lock2 acquired by thread 2")
18 time.sleep(1)
19 print("thread 2 is trying to acquire lock 1")
20 lock1.acquire()
21
22
23 if __name__ == "__main__":
24 lock1 = Lock()
25 lock2 = Lock()
26
27 t1 = Thread(target=thread_one, args=(lock1, lock2))
28 t2 = Thread(target=thread_two, args=(lock1, lock2))
29
30 t1.start()
31 t2.start()
32
33 t1.join()
34 t2.join()
以下是我的成果:
thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 1
lock1 acquired by thread 1
thread 2 is trying to acquire lock 2
lock2 acquired by thread 2
thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 2
thread 2 is trying to acquire lock 1
(program stuck here)
如果我错了,请纠正我。我认为我的模拟是正确的,两个线程在获取第二个锁的步骤中被卡住了
2)然后我做了以下更改:
10 print("thread 1 is trying to release lock 2")
11 lock2.release()
28 t2 = Thread(target=thread_one, args=(lock1, lock2))
基本上,我希望两个线程实例都运行相同的函数thread_one,并在函数中尝试释放lock2,这还没有获得。然后我得到了这些输出:
thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 1
lock1 acquired by thread 1
thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 1
thread 1 is trying to release lock 2
Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/bawang/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Users/bawang/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "test.py", line 11, in thread_one
lock2.release()
RuntimeError: release unlocked lock
(program stuck here)
我的问题是:为什么两个线程都挂起在那里(我需要ctrl+c两次来取消它们)?我知道第二个线程正在等待第一个线程释放锁1。但是,为什么第一个线程在抛出异常后会卡住
3)然后,我做了以下更改,使之更进一步:
5 def thread_one(lock1, lock2):
6 print("thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 1")
7 lock1.acquire()
8 print("lock1 acquired by thread 1")
9 time.sleep(1)
10 print("thread 1 is trying to release lock 2")
11 lock2.release()
12
13
14 def thread_two(lock1, lock2):
15 print("thread 2 is trying to acquire lock 2")
16 lock2.acquire()
17 print("lock2 acquired by thread 2")
18 time.sleep(1)
19 print("thread 2 is trying to release lock 1")
20 lock1.release()
27 t1 = Thread(target=thread_one, args=(lock1, lock2))
28 t2 = Thread(target=thread_two, args=(lock1, lock2))
这次我想看看如果lock1&;锁2由一个线程获取,而在另一个线程中释放。以下是我的产出:
thread 1 is trying to acquire lock 1
lock1 acquired by thread 1
thread 2 is trying to acquire lock 2
lock2 acquired by thread 2
thread 1 is trying to release lock 2
thread 2 is trying to release lock 1
(Program completes)
我的问题是,为什么没有例外?我确实期望出现两个运行时错误:在这种情况下释放解锁锁
代码的执行顺序没有保证,因此线程1可能会在线程2获取锁2之前释放锁2。但是您可以再次运行代码,线程2可以在线程1发布代码之前获取代码。我不确定您在中途尝试在示例中实现了什么
最后一个示例没有生成任何异常的原因应该从输出中明确:
线程试图做的每件事都成功了。由于您将相同的锁传递给了两个线程,因此线程1没有理由无法获取锁1,然后线程2将其释放,而线程2获取锁2,然后线程1将其释放-程序可以成功完成
由于
sleep(1)
,您几乎可以保证获得该输出,尽管不是很好-如果有什么东西阻止线程2在一秒钟内启动,线程1可能仍然会在获得锁2之前尝试释放锁2-指望超时不是一种安全的编码方式1)是的。你说得对
2)正如您所猜测的,第一个线程已停止,但您还有两个线程:第二个线程和主线程。第一个cntl+c终止主线程。您可以检查消息中的
KeybboardInterrupt
。第一个发生在t2.join()
3)两个螺纹均已正确获取和释放。不同的线程可以获得相同的锁。因此,线程1只是释放了线程2获取的锁2,反之亦然
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