如何在安装Python软件包时使用微软Visual C++构建工具修复致命错误1104？

Question

我正在尝试使用pip在Python项目中安装包netcdf4，但由于某些原因cftime依赖项无法安装，因为PEP517存在问题。完整的错误消息如下所示：

(Summer research) E:\Summer research\pythonProject>pip install "E:\Summer research\pythonProject\netCDF4-1.5.6-cp38-cp38-win32.whl"
Processing e:\summer research\pythonproject\netcdf4-1.5.6-cp38-cp38-win32.whl
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.9 in e:\summer research\lib\site-packages (from netCDF4==1.5.6) (1.20.2)
Collecting cftime
  Using cached cftime-1.5.0.tar.gz (44 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: cftime
  Building wheel for cftime (PEP 517) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'e:\summer research\scripts\python.exe' 'e:\summer research\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\
Users\URVIVE~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpo004nhne'
       cwd: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde
  Complete output (25 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8
  creating build\lib.win32-3.8\cftime
  copying src\cftime\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.8\cftime
  running build_ext
  building 'cftime._cftime' extension
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde\src
  creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde\src\cftime

  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DNPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API=NPY_1_7_API_VERSION "-IC
:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0kxsw1of\overlay\Lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include" "-Ie:\summer research\include" "-IC:\Use
rs\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include" "-IC:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include" "-I
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program
Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\
Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.19041.0\winrt" "/TcC:\Users\User\AppData\Loca
l\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde\src\cftime\_cftime.c" "/Fobuild\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData
\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde\src\cftime\_cftime.obj"
  _cftime.c
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\link.exe /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO "/LIBPATH:
e:\summer research\libs" "/LIBPATH:C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\libs" "/LIBPATH:C:\Users\User\AppData\L
ocal\Programs\Python\Python38-32" "/LIBPATH:e:\summer research\PCbuild\win32" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\LIB" "/LI
BPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\LIB" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\x86" "/L
IBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.19041.0\um\x86" /EXPORT:PyInit__cftime "build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppDat
a\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde\src\cftime\_cftime.obj" /OUT:build\lib.win32-3.8\cftime\_cftime.cp38-win32.pyd
 "/IMPLIB:build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a623918a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde\src\cftime\
_cftime.cp38-win32.lib"
  LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'build\temp.win32-3.8\Release\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_8rj6d0c\cftime_a62391
8a367c408c9828a26ecbee7bde\src\cftime\_cftime.cp38-win32.lib'
  error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\link.exe' failed with exit status 1104
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for cftime
Failed to build cftime
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cftime which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

我已尝试查看Microsoft site上的错误，到目前为止，可能的来源可能是：

1. 路径长度太长-->；我不认为是路径长度导致了问题，因为它不超过300个字符
2. 在64位Windows上运行32位软件包-->；我尝试用pip安装64位控制盘文件，但它不起作用。只有32位控制盘组件可以工作，但没有cftime

我的python版本也是正确的。如果您知道如何修复此错误，请提供帮助。非常感谢：）

Answer 1

尝试：

C:>pip install netCDF4

或

C:>pip3 install netCDF4

见netCDF4 documentation here for more details

Answer 2

终于解决了啊哈！！！！ 我从here下载了用于cftime的非官方windows二进制文件，并将其放在与我的Pycharm项目（virtualenv）中的python38.exe文件相同的目录中。然后在终端上输入：

pip install <path link to cftime .whl >

它安装了cftime依赖项

在终端中，我重新尝试：pip install netcdf4，现在它可以下载整个软件包，因为cftime有问题的依赖关系最终被安装