Python Selenium是在这种情况下捕获元素（Xpath或CSS选择器）的最佳方法（输入框）？

Question

我试图用selenium来抓取一个网站，我主要使用xpath或CSS选择器来抓取元素。然而，我注意到这些是动态的（尽管我在网上读到CSS选择器不应该是动态的），我不得不经常重新编写代码。我对这一点还不太熟悉，我想帮助大家找出最好的方法。下面是一个元素的示例，它是我试图获取的一个输入框，我知道像ID这样的更确定的选择器更易于使用，但在这种情况下，我似乎找不到任何标识符。以下元素-

<dpm-input-number-bare><input size="1" type="text" placeholder="" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"></dpm-input-number-bare>

这不管用-

driver.find_element_by_css_selector("ng-valid.ng-dirty.ng-touched")

这是更高的级别-它基本上是一个输入框，用于输入固定费率（框旁边的标签）

<div class="dpm-form-row"><dpm-input-number class="flex-6"><dpm-input-label><label>Fixed Rate</label></dpm-input-label><dpm-input-number-bare><input size="1" type="text" placeholder="" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"></dpm-input-number-bare></dpm-input-number><div class="flex-6"></div></div>

Answer 1

可以使用以下XPath查找元素：

driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[.="Fixed Rate"]]')

我们使用label元素作为锚定点。获取满足以下条件的input元素：其parent的第一个preceding-sibling有一个label子元素，该子元素包含术语“固定速率”

如果需要，添加预期条件（元素可以接收单击）。假设您要在输入框中发送“12”：

WebDriverWait(browser, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[.="Fixed Rate"]]'))).send_keys("12")

进口：

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

编辑：其他XPath选项：

3使用following-sibling轴的XPath：

//dpm-input-label[label[.="Fixed Rate"]]/following-sibling::dpm-input-number-bare[1]/input
//dpm-input-label[label[contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]/following-sibling::dpm-input-number-bare[1]/input
//dpm-input-label[contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]/following-sibling::dpm-input-number-bare[1]/input

3对input元素使用preceding-sibling轴和多个contains的XPath：

//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[.="Fixed Rate"]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1]/label[contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][../preceding-sibling::dpm-input-label[1][contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]

4使用preceding轴的XPath：

//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][preceding::label[1][.="Fixed Rate"]]
//input[@class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"][preceding::label[1][contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][preceding::label[1][.="Fixed Rate"]]
//input[contains(@class,"ng-pristine") and contains(@class,"ng-valid") and contains(@class,"ng-touched")][preceding::label[1][contains(.,"Fixed Rate")]]