当我用5个子图绘制图形并注释每个子图中的条形图时,matplotlib会显示为缩放图形,以便从最大y轴缩放到最小y轴的最大值
我无法很好地描述问题,但请看下图:
图的起始位置上方有大量空白
然而,这个数字在理想情况下应该是这样的
当我将4个最小轴设置为与最大轴具有相同的y上限时,图形将正确缩放,但出于可视化的目的,我不希望这样做
为什么会发生这种情况?是否有任何方法来控制图形,使其不会像第一幅图像中那样自动缩放?或者,用一种更合适的方式来规划我希望实现的目标
我用于生成图形的代码:
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Patch
from matplotlib import rcParams
rcParams['font.family'] = 'sans-serif'
rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Arial']
department = ["100", "1,000", "10,000", \
"100,000", "1,000,000"]
quarter = ["Serial", "MPI", "CUDA", "Hybrid"]
budgets = np.array([[0.049979, 0.43584, 2.787366, 19.75062, 201.6935],\
[2.184624, 0.175213, 0.677837, 5.265575, 46.33678],\
[0.050294, 0.068537, 0.23739, 1.93778, 18.55734],\
[3.714284, 3.9917, 4.977599, 6.174967, 37.732232]])
budgets = np.transpose(budgets)
em = np.zeros((len(department), len(quarter)))
# set up barchart
x = np.arange(len(department)) # label locations
width = 0.8 # width of all the bars
# set up figure
fig, (ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5) = plt.subplots(1, 5)
axes = [ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5]
# generate bars
rects = []
color = ["tomato", "royalblue", "limegreen", "orange"]
n = len(quarter)
for i in range(n):
bar_x = x - width/2.0 + i/float(n)*width + width/(n*2)
m = len(budgets[:,i])
for j in range(m):
bar_x = x[j] - width/2.0 + i/float(n)*width + width/(n*2)
e = budgets[j,i]
#bar_x = x - width/2.0 + i/float(n)*width + width/(n*2)
rects.append(axes[j].bar(bar_x, e, width=width/float(n), \
label=quarter[i], color=color[i]))
# set figure properties
fig.set_size_inches(12, 2.5)
fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0.03, 1, 0.95])
nAx = len(axes)
for i in range(nAx):
#axes[i].set_aspect("auto")
axes[i].tick_params(axis='x', which='both', bottom=False, top=False,
labelbottom=False)
ax1.set_ylabel("Time (ms)")
for i in range(nAx):
axes[i].yaxis.grid(which="major", color="white", lw=0.75)
ax1.set_ylim([0, 4])
fig.suptitle("Time per iteration for differing dataset sizes") # title
for i in range(nAx):
axes[i].set_xlabel(department[i])
# annotate bars
for i in range(nAx):
for rect in rects:
j = 0;
for bar in rect:
y_bottom, y_top = axes[i].get_ylim() # axis limits
height = bar.get_height() # bar's height
va = 'bottom'
offset = 3
color = 'k'
fg = 'w'
# keep label within plot
if (y_top < 1.1 * height):
offset = -3
va = 'top'
color='w'
fg = 'k'
# annotate the bar
axes[i].annotate('{:.2f}'.format(height),
xy=(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, height),
xytext=(0,offset),
textcoords="offset points",
ha='center', va=va, color=color)
# set custom legend
legend_elements = [Patch(facecolor='tomato', label='Serial'),
Patch(facecolor='royalblue', label='MPI'),
Patch(facecolor='limegreen', label='CUDA'),
Patch(facecolor='orange', label='Hybrid')]
plt.legend(handles=legend_elements, loc="upper center", fancybox=False,
edgecolor='k', ncol=4, bbox_to_anchor=(-2, -0.1))
plt.show()
尝试将
fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0.03, 1, 0.95])
放在所有打印命令之后,如下所示这是部分答案
这可能是一个bug,因为在我切换到Debian系统中的Jupyter笔记本(也有不同的硬件)之前,我无法重现这个问题。您的图形在我的macOS Jupyter笔记本中正确绘制,在Debian中从.py脚本显示时正确绘制
问题似乎出在您的注释上。如果在注释之后进行
tight_layout
调用,可能会得到如下警告:看起来
annotate
函数正在为注释计算一些完全奇怪的坐标,尽管文本最终位于正确的位置。如果删除它们,则空白将消失。您可以尝试为注释adifferent way计算xy
坐标a。这可能会让您开始:输出:
要正确计算这些点,您可以尝试使用适当的轴transformation,不过我还是无法让它工作,并且可能与错误有关
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