Matplotlib.pyplot未使用set_数据更新动态线图

import random import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # ==================================================================================== class Person: def __init__(self, position): self.xpos = position[0] self.ypos = position[1] self.alive = True self.trapped = False # if all people are trapped, need to end program self.distance = None # distance to closest neighbor def move(self, xmax, ymax, bc, taken): """ moves person, if possible, to an adjacent corner """ # cannot step where someone else is currently standing taken[self.xpos, self.ypos] = False # moving from current spot disallowed = set() # empty set object; will add disallowed directions if bc == 'wall': if self.ypos == ymax or taken[self.xpos, self.ypos + 1]: disallowed.add('north') if self.xpos == xmax or taken[self.xpos + 1, self.ypos]: disallowed.add('east') if self.ypos == 0 or taken[self.xpos, self.ypos - 1]: disallowed.add('south') if self.xpos == 0 or taken[self.xpos - 1, self.ypos]: disallowed.add('west') elif bc == 'periodic': if (self.ypos == ymax and taken[self.xpos, (self.ypos + 1) % ymax]) \ or (self.ypos < ymax and taken[self.xpos, self.ypos + 1]): disallowed.add('north') if (self.xpos == xmax and taken[(self.xpos + 1) % xmax, self.ypos]) \ or (self.xpos < xmax and taken[self.xpos + 1, self.ypos]): disallowed.add('east') if (self.ypos == 0 and taken[self.xpos, (self.ypos - 1) % ymax]) \ or (self.ypos > 0 and taken[self.xpos, self.ypos - 1]): disallowed.add('south') if (self.xpos == 0 and taken[(self.xpos - 1) % xmax, self.ypos]) \ or (self.xpos > 0 and taken[self.xpos - 1, self.ypos]): disallowed.add('west') # Use the set method 'difference' to get set of allowed directions allowed = {'north', 'east', 'south', 'west'}.difference(disallowed) if len(allowed) == 0: self.trapped = True # cannot move anymore else: """ Randomly pick from the allowed directions; need to convert set object to a list because random.choice doesn't work on sets """ self.direction = random.choice(list(allowed)) if self.direction == 'north': if (bc == 'wall' and self.ypos < ymax) or bc == 'periodic': self.ypos += 1 elif self.direction == 'east': if (bc == 'wall' and self.xpos < xmax) or bc == 'periodic': self.xpos += 1 elif self.direction == 'south': if (bc == 'wall' and self.ypos > 0) or bc == 'periodic': self.ypos -= 1 elif self.direction == 'west': if (bc == 'wall' and self.xpos > 0) or bc == 'periodic': self.xpos -= 1 """ With periodic boundary conditions, it's possible that (xpos, ypos) could be off the grid (e.g., xpos < 0 or xpos > xmax). The Python modulo operator can be used to give exactly what we need for periodic bc. For example, suppose xmax = 20; then if xpos = 21, 21 % 20 = 1; if xpos = -1, -1 % 20 = 19. (Modulo result on a negative first argument may seem strange, but it's intended for exactly this type of application. Cool!) If 0 <= xpos < xmax, then modulo simply returns xpos. For example, 0 % 20 = 0, 14 % 20 = 14, etc. Only special case is when xpos = xmax, in which case we want to keep xpos = xmax and not xpos % xmax = 0 """ if self.xpos != xmax: self.xpos = self.xpos % xmax if self.ypos != ymax: self.ypos = self.ypos % ymax def proximity(self, xmax, ymax, bc, people): """ Finds distance from closest neighbor, will calculate actual distance over diagonals, assuming 1 square is 1 ft^2. If no one else is in range (less than 6 feet away), return None. """ distance = None for person in people: if person is not self and person.alive: # can only get infected by other alive people x = abs(self.xpos - person.xpos) y = abs(self.ypos - person.ypos) if bc == 'periodic': # check other direction (across boundaries) for periodic bc tempX1 = None tempY1 = None for i in range(2): if tempX1 is None: tempX1 = (self.xpos - 0) + (xmax - person.xpos) # check distance in one direction else: tempX2 = (person.xpos - 0) + (xmax - self.xpos) # check distance in other direction if tempX2 < tempX1: tempX1 = tempX2 if tempY1 is None: tempY1 = (self.ypos - 0) + (ymax - person.ypos) # check distance in one direction else: tempY2 = (person.ypos - 0) + (ymax - self.ypos) # check distance in other direction if tempY2 < tempY1: tempY1 = tempY2 if tempX1 < x: x = tempX1 if tempY1 < y: y = tempY1 if x >= 6 or y >= 6: pass # not close enough to infect else: # need to find distance temp = np.sqrt(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2) if distance is None or temp < distance: distance = temp if distance is not None and distance >= 6: distance = None return distance def gambleYourLife(self, distance): if distance is not None: # chance of dying!! p = 0.5 * np.e ** (-0.3 * distance) if np.random.binomial(1, p) == 1: self.alive = False # ==================================================================================== class Earth: def __init__(self, people, gridSize, bc, nSteps): # if nSteps = None, goes on until 1 person left """ Grid class takes people inputs, along with size, boundary conditions, and number of maximum steps, and runs on a random walk until one person is left or until nSteps is reached, depending on user input. """ self.people = people self.xmax = gridSize[0] self.ymax = gridSize[1] self.bc = bc self.point = [] self.nSteps = nSteps self.nAlive = [len(self.people)] # keep track of number of people alive after each step self.stepData = [0] # list of each step # array to keep track of points that have are taken self.taken = np.zeros([self.xmax + 1, self.ymax + 1], dtype=bool) fig, (self.ax1, self.ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2) # create new figure window and ax (plot) attributes to Earth obj self.ax1.set_xlim(0, self.xmax) self.ax1.set_ylim(0, self.ymax) self.ax2.set_xlim(0, nSteps) self.ax2.set_ylim(0, len(people) + 10) self.line, = self.ax2.plot(self.stepData, self.nAlive, 'b-') self.ax2.plot(self.stepData, self.nAlive, '--') self.ax2.set_xlabel('Number of steps') self.ax2.set_ylabel('Number of people alive') self.ax2.set_autoscalex_on(True) # self.ax2.autoscale_view(True, True, False) for p in self.people: pnt, = self.ax1.plot([p.xpos], [p.ypos], 'bo') self.taken[p.xpos, p.ypos] = True self.point.append(pnt) def go(self): step = 1 while not all([p.trapped for p in self.people]) and (self.nSteps is None or step < self.nSteps): currAlive = 0 # number of alive each round for i, p in enumerate(self.people): if not p.trapped and p.alive: p.move(self.xmax, self.ymax, self.bc, self.taken) # update grid self.point[i].set_data(p.xpos, p.ypos) self.point[i].set_marker('o') self.taken[p.xpos, p.ypos] = True """ When using periodic boundary conditions, a position on a wall is identical to the corresponding position on the opposite wall. So if a walker visits (x, ymax) then (x, 0) must also be marked as visited; if a walker vists (0, y) then (xmax, y) must also be marked as visited; etc. """ if self.bc == 'periodic': if p.xpos == self.xmax: self.taken[0, p.ypos] = True elif p.xpos == 0: self.taken[self.xmax, p.ypos] = True if p.ypos == self.ymax: self.taken[p.xpos, 0] = True elif p.ypos == 0: self.taken[p.xpos, self.ymax] = True # plot path lines if p.direction == 'north': self.ax1.vlines(p.xpos, p.ypos - 1, p.ypos) elif p.direction == 'east': self.ax1.hlines(p.ypos, p.xpos - 1, p.xpos) elif p.direction == 'south': self.ax1.vlines(p.xpos, p.ypos + 1, p.ypos) elif p.direction == 'west': self.ax1.hlines(p.ypos, p.xpos + 1, p.xpos) # determine proximity to others and potentially die neighbor = p.proximity(self.xmax, self.ymax, self.bc, self.people) p.gambleYourLife(neighbor) if not p.alive: self.point[i].set_color('r') else: # still alive currAlive += 1 # update plot self.nAlive.append(currAlive) self.stepData.append(step) # self.line.set_data = (self.stepData, self.nAlive) self.ax2.plot(self.stepData, self.nAlive, 'b-') step += 1 plt.pause(0.2) # ==================================================================================== def program(nPeople=10, gridSize=(20, 20), bc='wall', nSteps=100): initPositions = set() # set of tuple of initial position of each person flock = [] # initialize - list of all people for p in range(nPeople): while True: x = random.randint(0, gridSize[0]) # randomly place person on graph, only one person per point y = random.randint(0, gridSize[1]) if (x, y) not in initPositions: break initPositions.add((x, y)) tempPerson = Person(position=(x, y)) flock.append(tempPerson) # add person to list of people flock = tuple(flock) # turn list into tuple (not sure why... not sure if necessary) pandemic = Earth(flock, gridSize, bc, nSteps) pandemic.go() # main program ======================================================================= program()

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1楼 · 发布于 2024-04-19 10:41:20

您必须使用命令plt.ion()打开交互模式，或者使用fig.show(block=False)使用参数block=False显示图形“未被阻止”

下面是使用plt.ion()的示例：

# %% 
# first cell                

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1,2,3]
y = [1,7,5]

plt.ion()               # interactive mode on
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
line, = ax.plot(x,y)
fig.show()

# %% 
# second cell                

x.append(4)
y.append(10)

line.set_data(x,y)   # set new data

ax.relim()           # recompute the data limits
ax.autoscale_view()  # automatic axis scaling

# %% 
# third cell: just a radom example to plot sequentially           -

from random import randint

for i in range(5):
    x.append(x[-1]+1)
    y.append(randint(0,10))

    line.set_data(x,y)   # set new data

    ax.relim()           # recompute the data limits
    ax.autoscale_view()  # automatic axis scaling

    plt.pause(0.5)

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