如何重置海龟并删除海龟图形中的文本？

Question

我做了这个乌龟游戏

import turtle
import random
import time
from turtle import Turtle

# Window

window = turtle.Screen()
window.title("Turtle Race")
window.bgcolor("forestgreen")
turtle.color("white")
turtle.speed(0)
turtle.penup()
turtle.setposition(-140, 200)
turtle.write("Turtle Race", font=("Arial", 40, "bold"))

# Dirt

turtle.setposition(-400, -180)
turtle.color("chocolate")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(800)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(800)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.end_fill()

# Finish line

stamp_size = 20
square_size = 15
finish_line = 200

turtle.color("black")
turtle.shape("square")
turtle.shapesize(square_size / stamp_size)
turtle.penup()

for i in range(10):
    turtle.setposition(finish_line, (150 - (i * square_size * 2)))
    turtle.stamp()

for j in range(10):
    turtle.setposition(finish_line + square_size, ((150 - square_size) - (j * square_size * 2)))
    turtle.stamp()

turtle.hideturtle()


def play():

    # Turtle 1

    turtle1 = Turtle()
    turtle1.speed(0)
    turtle1.color("black")
    turtle1.shape("turtle")
    turtle1.penup()
    turtle1.goto(-250, 100)
    turtle1.pendown()

    # Turtle 2

    turtle2 = Turtle()
    turtle2.speed(0)
    turtle2.color("cyan")
    turtle2.shape("turtle")
    turtle2.penup()
    turtle2.goto(-250, 50)
    turtle2.pendown()

    # Turtle 3

    turtle3 = Turtle()
    turtle3.speed(0)
    turtle3.color("magenta")
    turtle3.shape("turtle")
    turtle3.penup()
    turtle3.goto(-250, 0)
    turtle3.pendown()

    # Turtle 4

    turtle4 = Turtle()
    turtle4.speed(0)
    turtle4.color("yellow")
    turtle4.shape("turtle")
    turtle4.penup()
    turtle4.goto(-250, -50)
    turtle4.pendown()

    time.sleep(1)    # pausing the game for 1 sec before game starts

    # Asking user to play

    print("Please choose one colour out of \nBlack \nCyan \nMagenta \nYellow ")
    user_bet = input("Place your bet on your any one colour turtle: ").upper()

    while not(user_bet == "BLACK" or user_bet == "CYAN" or user_bet == "MAGENTA" or user_bet == "YELLOW"):
        print("Please choose one colour out of \nBlack \nCyan \nMagenta \nYellow ")
        user_bet = input("Place your bet on your any one colour turtle: ").upper()

    # Initial distance covered by turtles

    tut1_len = 0
    tut2_len = 0
    tut3_len = 0
    tut4_len = 0

    # Moving the turtles

    for _i in range(145):

        tut1 = random.randint(1, 5)
        tut2 = random.randint(1, 5)
        tut3 = random.randint(1, 5)
        tut4 = random.randint(1, 5)

        turtle1.forward(tut1)
        tut1_len += tut1

        turtle2.forward(tut2)
        tut2_len += tut2

        turtle3.forward(tut3)
        tut3_len += tut3

        turtle4.forward(tut4)
        tut4_len += tut4

    # Deciding the winner

    result_dic = {"black": tut1_len, "cyan": tut2_len, "magneta": tut3_len, "yellow": tut4_len}
    winner = max(result_dic, key=lambda x: result_dic[x]).upper()

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.color("blue")
    if user_bet == winner:
        turtle.goto(-140, 50)
        turtle.write("You won the bet", font=("Arial", 30, "bold"))
    else:
        turtle.goto(-140, 50)
        turtle.write("You lost the bet", font=("Arial", 30, "bold"))
    turtle.pendown()


play()

choice = input("Do you want to play again?\n Press y for yes and n for no: ").upper()

while choice == "y".upper() or choice == "yes".upper():
    play()
else:
    quit()

游戏运行正常，我希望游戏要求用户再次玩，但每次游戏重新运行时，海龟们都会跑过前一只海龟，显示**你赢了赌注**或**你输了赌注**的文本也会写在前一只海龟上

我找不到任何方法来清除屏幕上写的文字，也没有任何方法来擦除海龟的线条。 请帮帮我

如果你们能给我一些关于如何改进这段代码的建议，比如如何使它更简短，我对我自己关于line 106的逻辑有点困惑，关于or操作符，但这是次要的，请先帮我解决我的主要问题

Answer 1

我的建议是，在这样的情况下，文本在屏幕上被更新，你有一只乌龟专门用来写文本。在动作开始之前将海龟放在适当的位置，然后从那时起对海龟使用clear()和write()。不要把它用于其他任何事情

it would me really helpful if you guys give me suggestion on how to improve this code

像这样的程序的一个关键点是不要假设会有多少赛车手，并相应地编写代码。你应该能够稍微上下调整数字（或者只是改变你的颜色选择），而无需进行重大重写

我修改了您的代码以解决上述两个问题：

from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from random import randint

STAMP_SIZE = 20
SQUARE_SIZE = 15
FINISH_LINE = 200
LANE_WIDTH = 50

BIG_FONT = ('Arial', 40, 'bold')
MEDIUM_FONT = ('Arial', 30, 'bold')

COLORS = ['black', 'cyan', 'magenta', 'yellow', 'white']

def play():
    pen.clear()

    lane = LANE_WIDTH

    for n, color in enumerate(COLORS, start=1):
        turtle = turtles[color]

        turtle.hideturtle()
        turtle.goto(-250, n // 2 * lane)
        turtle.showturtle()

        lane = -lane

    # Asking user to play

    user_bet = None

    while user_bet not in COLORS:
        print("Please choose one colour out of", *["\n" + color.title() for color in COLORS])
        user_bet = input("Place your bet on your any one colour turtle: ").lower()

    # Moving the turtles

    for _ in range(145):

        for turtle in turtles.values():
            distance = randint(1, 5)
            turtle.forward(distance)

    # Deciding the winner

    winner = max(turtles, key=lambda x: turtles[x].xcor())

    pen.clear()
    if user_bet == winner:
        pen.write("You won the bet!", align='center', font=MEDIUM_FONT)
    else:
        pen.write("You lost the bet.", align='center', font=MEDIUM_FONT)

# Screen

screen = Screen()
screen.title("Turtle Race")
screen.bgcolor('forestgreen')

turtle = Turtle()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')
turtle.penup()

# Dirt

turtle.setposition(-400, -180)
turtle.color('chocolate')

turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(2):
    turtle.forward(800)
    turtle.right(90)
    turtle.forward(300)
    turtle.right(90)
turtle.end_fill()

# Finish line

turtle.color('black')
turtle.shape('square')
turtle.shapesize(SQUARE_SIZE / STAMP_SIZE)

for i in range(10):
    turtle.setposition(FINISH_LINE, 150 - i * SQUARE_SIZE*2)
    turtle.stamp()
    turtle.setposition(FINISH_LINE + SQUARE_SIZE, (150 - SQUARE_SIZE) - i * SQUARE_SIZE*2)
    turtle.stamp()

turtle.setposition(0, 200)
turtle.write("Turtle Race", align='center', font=BIG_FONT)

pen = Turtle()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.color('blue')
pen.penup()
pen.setposition(0, 50)

turtle_prototype = Turtle()
turtle_prototype.hideturtle()
turtle_prototype.shape('turtle')
turtle_prototype.speed('fastest')
turtle_prototype.penup()

turtles = {}

for color in COLORS:
    turtle = turtle_prototype.clone()
    turtle.color(color)
    turtles[color] = turtle

choice = 'yes'

while choice.lower() in ('y', 'yes'):

    play()

    choice = input("Do you want to play again?\nPress y for yes and n for no: ")