谢谢你的阅读
我将一个adafruit Neopix连接到我的Raspberry Pi Zero(1.generation)上,并让它们使用测试python代码
作为下一步,我想生成一个带有控制Neopix的按钮的网页。 我主要遵循了本教程 https://www.hackster.io/mjrobot/iot-controlling-a-raspberry-pi-robot-over-internet-6988d4#toc-step-5--installing-the-lighttpd-webserver-8
起初,我运行了一个简单的bash cgi脚本,它创建并将当前时间写入一个文件。 切换到PythonCGI脚本相当容易,没有更改任何配置文件,这让我感到疑惑。 但是从html运行测试python代码根本不起作用。 和以前的问题一样,我开始阅读和修补,但似乎我尝试的任何解决方案都不适合我
我无法记述(过去几天在这方面的工作和阅读)我所做的一切,但
我向sudoer组添加了www数据,在/etc/sudoers.d目录中创建了一个名为010_www-data-nopasswd的文件,其中www-data ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
作为内容
我将www数据添加到组gpio、i2c和spi中。
我跑
sudo visudo
并补充说
www-data ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
和
www-data ALL = NOPASSWD: /var/www/lighttpd/cgi-bin/neopixelTest.py
但还是不行
我尝试用bash cgi脚本调用带有sudo
的测试python脚本,效果很好!所以我认为归结起来就是这个
我已经读到,在配置文件中有一行类似于".py" => "/usr/bin/python"
的代码,告诉lighty为以.py结尾的cgi脚本调用/usr/bin/python,所以我想到了将sudo
放在这一行中的想法,这样基本上每个python脚本都可以作为sudo运行。真的不是一件好事,但我认为整个项目比作为root运行lighty更快、更脏、更好。但是我找不到这条线
这是我的/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf文件
1 server.modules = (
2 "mod_indexfile",
3 "mod_access",
4 "mod_alias",
5 "mod_redirect",
6 )
7
8 server.document-root = "/var/www/lighttpd"
9 server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/cache/lighttpd/uploads" )
10 server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log"
11 server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid"
12 server.username = "www-data"
13 server.groupname = "www-data"
14 server.port = 80
15
16 # strict parsing and normalization of URL for consistency and security
17 # https://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Server_http-parseoptsDetails
18 # (might need to explicitly set "url-path-2f-decode" = "disable"
19 # if a specific application is encoding URLs inside url-path)
20 server.http-parseopts = (
21 "header-strict" => "enable",# default
22 "host-strict" => "enable",# default
23 "host-normalize" => "enable",# default
24 "url-normalize-unreserved"=> "enable",# recommended highly
25 "url-normalize-required" => "enable",# recommended
26 "url-ctrls-reject" => "enable",# recommended
27 "url-path-2f-decode" => "enable",# recommended highly (unless breaks app)
28 #"url-path-2f-reject" => "enable",
29 "url-path-dotseg-remove" => "enable",# recommended highly (unless breaks app)
30 #"url-path-dotseg-reject" => "enable",
31 #"url-query-20-plus" => "enable",# consistency in query string
32 )
33
34 index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html" )
35 url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" )
36 static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" )
37
38 compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/"
39 compress.filetype = ( "application/javascript", "text/css", "text/html", "text/plain" )
40
41 # default listening port for IPv6 falls back to the IPv4 port
42 include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/use-ipv6.pl " + server.port
43 include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/create-mime.conf.pl"
44 include "/etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/*.conf"
45
46 #server.compat-module-load = "disable"
47 server.modules += (
48 "mod_compress",
49 "mod_dirlisting",
50 "mod_staticfile",
51 )
这是我的/etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/10-cgi.conf文件
1 # /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/cgi.txt
2
3 server.modules += ( "mod_cgi" )
4
5 $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/cgi-bin/" {
6 cgi.assign = ( "" => "" )
7 alias.url += ( "/cgi-bin/" => "/var/www/lighttpd/cgi-bin/" )
8 }
9
10 ## Warning this represents a security risk, as it allow to execute any file
11 ## with a .pl/.py even outside of /usr/lib/cgi-bin.
12 #
13 #cgi.assign = (
14 # ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl",
15 # ".py" => "/usr/bin/python",
16 #)
17
我知道,有".py" => "/usr/bin/python"
行,但它被注释掉了
这是我的/etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/10-fastcgi.conf文件
1 # /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/fastcgi.txt.gz
2 # http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs:ConfigurationOptions#mod_fastcgi-fastcgi
3
4 server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" )
5
我觉得这整件事都没有用fastcgi
最后,这是我的html文件
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4
5 <!-- answer to favicon.ico request, see https://stackoverflow.com/a/38917888/15081525 -->
6 <link rel="icon" href="data:,">
7
8 <meta charset="utf-8">
9 <!-- description for google -->
10 <meta name="description" content="This is a website to control the RPi zero">
11 <title>RPi Zero index</title>
12 </head>
13
14 <style>
15 body {background-color: lightyellow}
16 h1 {color:blue}
17 button {
18 color: black;
19 background: lightgrey;
20 border: 1px solid #000;
21 border-radius: 8px;
22 position: center;
23 }
24 </style>
25
26 <body>
27 <div style="text-align:center">
28 <h1>Hello world!</h1>
29 <br>
30 <p>please press test button</p>
31 <br>
32 <button onclick="alerttest('hello world!')">Alert!</button>
33 </p>
34 <button onclick="alert('wazzup!')">wazzup!</button>
35 </p>
36 <!-- button to call .cgi-script - it works -->
37 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size: 25px" onclick="test_func()">test</button>
38 </p>
39 <!-- button to call .cgi-script which calls python scripts - it works -->
40 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size: 25px" onclick="test_func2()">test2</button>
41 </p>
42 <!-- button to call python script directly - it works -->
43 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size:25px" onclick="test_py()">python</button>
44 </p>
45 <!-- button to call neopixelTest.py -->
46 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size:25px" onclick="test_neopixel()">neopixel</button>
47
48 <!--
49 <img src="/hello.png">
50 -->
51
52 </div>
53
54 <script>
55 var xmlhttp;
56 xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
57
58 function test_func() {
59 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/test.cgi",true);
60 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
61 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
62 xmlhttp.send();
63 }
64
64
65 function alerttest(parameter) {
66 alert(parameter);
67 }
68
69 function test_func2() {
70 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/python.cgi",true);
71 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
72 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
73 xmlhttp.send();
74 }
75
76 function test_py() {
77 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/pythontest.py",true);
78 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
79 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
80 xmlhttp.send();
81 }
82
83 function test_neopixel() {
84 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/neopixelTest.py",true);
85 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
86 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
87 xmlhttp.send();
88 }
89 </script>
90 </body>
91 </html>
92
neopixelTest.py文件基本上就是这个文件
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_NeoPixel/blob/master/examples/neopixel_rpi_simpletest.py。我刚刚在代码的顶部添加了 #! /usr/bin/python
我知道,我是一个绝对的初学者,但我仍然会感谢每一个帮助或想法! 提前谢谢
我遇到的第四个选择是简单地向shebang添加
sudo
,如下所示:#!/usr/bin/sudo python
这对我有用。我猜执行用户(在我的例子中是www-data)必须有使用
sudo
的权限,而不需要输入密码但是,这也是一个安全问题(尽管我不打算向web开放我的RPi),所以我想在学习如何通过FastCGI将lighttpd与python守护进程连接后,我会尝试第三种选择。 谢谢
cgi.assign = ( "" => "" )
告诉lighttpd直接执行cgi脚本(因此它们必须标记为可执行(chmod +x
)),并且应该具有#!/usr/bin/python3
或类似于第一行对于需要以root用户身份运行的特定CGI脚本,您可以在CGI bin中创建一个名为
my-script-name
的包装器脚本,其中exec的sudo <renamed-original-script>
另一种选择是将所有特权脚本放入子目录,并创建lighttpd条件
而且
my-sudo-wrapper-script
必须将CGI目标$SCRIPT_NAME
从环境中获取给exec第三种选择是将python代码作为守护进程运行,以root用户身份运行,并让lighttpd通过FastCGI连接到它。这将允许您的代码以root身份运行,但lighttpd将继续以
www-data
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