如何在pyopengl中使用面剔除和深度测试

Question

我正在为学校做一个使用3D形状的程序，我需要弄清楚如何制作实心立方体。当我创建多维数据集时，结果是：

我注意到它是按照我定义的顺序绘制形状的。然后，我试图找到解决这个问题的方法，因为我确信其他许多人也有类似的问题，我遇到了一个叫做面剔除的问题，它将所有面点定义为逆时针，当面朝外时，因此渲染时，它将顺时针绘制，opengl可以注意到这一点，而不会绘制它们。
我试着用这个，结果还是一样，所以我对自己做错了什么感到困惑

import pygame
import time
from pygame.locals import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *

block = [
    [0,1,0],
    [1,0,0],
    [1,0,1],
    [0,0,1],
    [1,1,0],
    [0,1,1]
]

def Cube(x,y,z):
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
    glColor3f(block[0][0], block[0][1], block[0][2])  # N
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glColor3f(block[1][0], block[1][1], block[1][2])  # S
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glColor3f(block[2][0], block[2][1], block[2][2])  # W
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glColor3f(block[3][0], block[3][1], block[3][2])  # E
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glColor3f(block[4][0], block[4][1], block[4][2])  # U
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glColor3f(block[5][0], block[5][1], block[5][2])  # D
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z + .5)
    glEnd()
def main():
    pygame.init()
    display = (800,600)
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
    glClearDepth(1.0)

    glDepthMask(GL_TRUE)
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS)
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
    glCullFace(GL_BACK)
    glFrontFace(GL_CCW)
    glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
    glDepthRange(0.0,1.0)
    pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)
    gluPerspective(45, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 100.0)
    glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -5)
    while True:

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()
        glRotatef(1, 3, 1, 1,)
        glClearDepth(1.0)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        Cube(0,0,0)
        glCullFace(GL_BACK)
        pygame.display.flip()
        time.sleep(.01)




main()

Answer 1

在调用任何OpenGL指令之前，已设置（OpenGL）显示模式，否则不会产生任何影响，甚至不会导致错误：

pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)

glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glClearDepth(1.0)

glDepthMask(GL_TRUE)
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glCullFace(GL_BACK)
glFrontFace(GL_CCW)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glDepthRange(0.0,1.0)

如果这样做，Depth Test将起作用，网格将正确绘制

---

顺便说一下，并非所有面都是按逆时针缠绕顺序绘制的。它必须是：

def Cube(x,y,z):
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
    glColor3f(block[0][0], block[0][1], block[0][2])  # N
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y,     z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y,     z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y,     z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glColor3f(block[1][0], block[1][1], block[1][2])  # S
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y,     z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y,     z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y,     z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glColor3f(block[2][0], block[2][1], block[2][2])  # W
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y,     z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y,     z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y,     z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glColor3f(block[3][0], block[3][1], block[3][2])  # E
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y,     z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y,     z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y,     z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glColor3f(block[4][0], block[4][1], block[4][2])  # U
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y + 1, z - .5)
    glColor3f(block[5][0], block[5][1], block[5][2])  # D
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z + .5)
    glVertex3f(x - .5, y, z - .5)
    glVertex3f(x + .5, y, z - .5)
    glEnd()