XML文件处理子标签或使子标签的数量一致

Question

处理后的XML文件的内容如下：

<dblp>
<incollection> 
<author>Philippe Balbiani</author> 
<author>Valentin Goranko</author> 
<author>Ruaan Kellerman</author> 
<booktitle>Handbook of Spatial Logics</booktitle> 
</incollection>
<incollection> 
<author>Jochen Renz</author> 
<author>Bernhard Nebel</author> 
<booktitle>Handbook of AI</booktitle> 
</incollection>
...
</dblp>

格式内容如上所示，提取“author”标签内容和“booktitle”标签内容。它们都位于“incollection”标签中，遍历每个“incollection”标签，并具有多个“author”标签内容和一个“booktitle”标签内容，形成相应的元组。

我的代码：

soup = BeautifulSoup(str(getfile()), 'lxml')
res = soup.find_all('incollection')
author = []
booktitle =[]

for each in res:
    for child in each.children:
          if child.name == 'author':
                author.append(child.text)
          elif child.name == 'booktitle': 
                booktitle.append(child.text)
elem_dic = tuple(zip(author, booktitle))

我得出的结论是：

('Philippe Balbiani', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics')
('Valentin Goranko', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics')
('Ruaan Kellerman', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics')

如何修改它以获得所需的结果？如下所示：

('Philippe Balbiani', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics')
('Valentin Goranko', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics')
('Ruaan Kellerman', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics')
('Jochen Renz', 'Handbook of AI')
('Bernhard Nebel', 'Handbook of AI')

或者您可以将每个“incollection”标签中的“booktitle”标签添加到与“author”标签相同的编号中。

Answer 1

假设美联4.7+

这其实很容易做到。在本例中，我使用选择器（我知道选择器通常与HTML关联，但您可以在XML中使用它们来完成此类任务）。这里我们说我们想要所有的incollection标记，它们都有一个直接子（>）的标记，这些标记要么是author要么是booktitle（:is(author, booktitle)）。这只提供我们感兴趣的标签。然后我们简单地收集作者，直到我们看到书名，然后为该书创建条目。之后，我们重置并收集下一本书的信息：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

markup = """
<dblp>
<incollection> 
<author>Philippe Balbiani</author> 
<author>Valentin Goranko</author> 
<author>Ruaan Kellerman</author> 
<booktitle>Handbook of Spatial Logics</booktitle> 
</incollection>
<incollection> 
<author>Jochen Renz</author> 
<author>Bernhard Nebel</author> 
<booktitle>Handbook of AI</booktitle> 
</incollection>
</dblp>
"""

author = []
elem_dic = []

soup = BeautifulSoup(markup, 'xml')
for child in soup.select('incollection > :is(author,booktitle)'):
    if child.name == 'author':
        author.append(child.text)
    else:
        elem_dic.extend(zip(author, [child.text] * len(author)))
        author = []

print(tuple(elem_dic))

输出

(('Philippe Balbiani', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics'), ('Valentin Goranko', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics'), ('Ruaan Kellerman', 'Handbook of Spatial Logics'), ('Jochen Renz', 'Handbook of AI'), ('Bernhard Nebel', 'Handbook of AI'))

---

不过，您不必使用选择器：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag

markup = """
<dblp>
<incollection> 
<author>Philippe Balbiani</author> 
<author>Valentin Goranko</author> 
<author>Ruaan Kellerman</author> 
<booktitle>Handbook of Spatial Logics</booktitle> 
</incollection>
<incollection> 
<author>Jochen Renz</author> 
<author>Bernhard Nebel</author> 
<booktitle>Handbook of AI</booktitle> 
</incollection>
</dblp>
"""

author = []
elem_dic = []

soup = BeautifulSoup(markup, 'xml')
res = soup.find_all('incollection')
for each in res:
    for child in each.children:
        if not isinstance(child, Tag):
            continue
        if child.name == 'author':
            author.append(child.text)
        else:
            elem_dic.extend(zip(author, [child.text] * len(author)))
            author = []

print(tuple(elem_dic))