使用Python和Element T查找和替换标记中的XML数据

Question

首先，我对python很陌生，知道的很少。然而，我的任务是制定这个计划，所以我感谢任何帮助。你知道吗

我需要对XML文件中的数据进行匿名化。这将包括将多个标记更改为NULL。你知道吗

我首先尝试使用python和元素树来替换DateOfBirth数据。我需要将出生日期标签替换为空

这是一个包含学习者的模拟数据的XML文件片段。这包括1个学习者，通常会有1-1000个学习者，所有值都需要更改为空。你知道吗

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Please note that this file is properly formed, and serves as an example of a file that will load into the ILR DC system.  The data is anonymised and does not refer to a real-world provider, learning delivery or learner.  Based on the ILR specification, version 2, dated April 2018-->
<Message xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="ESFA/ILR/2018-19" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="ESFA/ILR/2018-19">
    <Header>
        <CollectionDetails>
            <Collection>ILR</Collection>
            <Year>1819</Year>
            <FilePreparationDate>2018-01-07</FilePreparationDate>
        </CollectionDetails>
        <Source>
            <ProtectiveMarking>OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE-Personal</ProtectiveMarking>
            <UKPRN>99999999</UKPRN>
            <SoftwareSupplier>SupplierName</SoftwareSupplier>
            <SoftwarePackage>SystemName</SoftwarePackage>
            <Release>1</Release>
            <SerialNo>01</SerialNo>
            <DateTime>2018-06-26T11:14:05</DateTime>
            <!-- This and the next element only appear in files generated by FIS -->
            <ReferenceData>Version5.0, LARS 2017-08-01</ReferenceData>
            <ComponentSetVersion>1</ComponentSetVersion>
        </Source>
    </Header>
    <SourceFiles>
        <!-- The SourceFiles group only appears in files generated by FIS -->
        <SourceFile>
            <SourceFileName>ILR-LLLLLLLL1819-20180626-144401-01.xml</SourceFileName>
            <FilePreparationDate>2018-06-26</FilePreparationDate>
            <SoftwareSupplier>Software Systems Inc.</SoftwareSupplier>
            <SoftwarePackage>GreatStuffMIS</SoftwarePackage>
            <Release>1</Release>
            <SerialNo>01</SerialNo>
            <DateTime>2018-06-26T11:14:05</DateTime>
        </SourceFile>
    </SourceFiles>
    <LearningProvider>
        <UKPRN>99999999</UKPRN>
    </LearningProvider>
    <!-- 16 yr old learner undertaking full time 16-19 (excluding apprenticeships) funded programme -->
    <Learner>
        <LearnRefNumber>16Learner</LearnRefNumber>
        <PMUKPRN>87654321</PMUKPRN>
        <CampId>1234ABCD</CampId>
        <ULN>1061484016</ULN>
        <FamilyName>Smith</FamilyName>
        <GivenNames>Jane</GivenNames>
        <DateOfBirth>1999-02-27</DateOfBirth>
        <Ethnicity>31</Ethnicity>
        <Sex>F</Sex>
        <LLDDHealthProb>2</LLDDHealthProb>
        <Accom>5</Accom>
        <PlanLearnHours>440</PlanLearnHours>
        <PlanEEPHours>100</PlanEEPHours>
        <MathGrade>NONE</MathGrade>
        <EngGrade>D</EngGrade>
        <PostcodePrior>BR1 7SS</PostcodePrior>
        <Postcode>BR1 7SS</Postcode>
        <AddLine1>The Street</AddLine1>
        <AddLine2>ToyTown</AddLine2>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>LSR</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>55</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>EDF</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>2</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>MCF</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>3</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>FME</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>2</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>PPE</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>2</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <!-- Employment status record is not required for full time 16-19 (excluding apprenticeships) funded learners  -->
        <!-- 16-19  (excluding apprenticeships) funded study programme -->
        <LearningDelivery>
            <LearnAimRef>50022246</LearnAimRef>
            <AimType>5</AimType>
            <AimSeqNumber>1</AimSeqNumber>
            <LearnStartDate>2015-09-14</LearnStartDate>
            <LearnPlanEndDate>2016-07-02</LearnPlanEndDate>
            <FundModel>25</FundModel>
            <DelLocPostCode>BR1 3RL</DelLocPostCode>
            <CompStatus>1</CompStatus>
            <SWSupAimId>cb5f0d25-cff4-4ea0-92f5-99378cce306d</SWSupAimId>
            <LearningDeliveryFAM>
                <LearnDelFAMType>SOF</LearnDelFAMType>
                <LearnDelFAMCode>107</LearnDelFAMCode>
            </LearningDeliveryFAM>
        </LearningDelivery>
        <LearningDelivery>
            <LearnAimRef>50023408</LearnAimRef>
            <AimType>4</AimType>
            <AimSeqNumber>2</AimSeqNumber>
            <LearnStartDate>2015-02-14</LearnStartDate>
            <LearnPlanEndDate>2016-07-15</LearnPlanEndDate>
            <FundModel>25</FundModel>
            <DelLocPostCode>BR2 7UP</DelLocPostCode>
            <CompStatus>3</CompStatus>
            <LearnActEndDate>2015-04-01</LearnActEndDate>
            <WithdrawReason>98</WithdrawReason>
            <Outcome>3</Outcome>
            <SWSupAimId>c243182a-30af-4879-8f68-3eac708e6bb3</SWSupAimId>
            <LearningDeliveryFAM>
                <LearnDelFAMType>SOF</LearnDelFAMType>
                <LearnDelFAMCode>107</LearnDelFAMCode>
            </LearningDeliveryFAM>
        </LearningDelivery>
    </Learner>

我的当前代码：

import os 
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et 

base_path  = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

xml_file = os.path.join(base_path, "ILR_mock_data.xml") 

tree = et.parse(xml_file) 

# root = tree.getroot()

# for child in root:
#     print(child.tag, child.attrib)

#for child in root:
#    for element in child:
#        print(element.tag, ":", element.text)


tree.find('Learner/DateOfBirth').text = 'NULL'

tree.wrtie("ILR_Aoned_output.xml") 

错误代码：

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/jkay/Desktop/Anon Tool RCU/RCU MOCK TOOL (Anonamising).py", line 20, in <module>
    tree.find('Learner/DateOfBirth').text = 'NULL'
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'text'

我希望程序运行XML文件并返回一个新文件，其中所有出生日期都替换为NULL

谢谢你的帮助。你知道吗

Answer 1

您需要找到所有元素DateOfBirth，并替换每个元素：

for element in tree.findall('.//Learner/DateOfBirth'):
    element.text = 'NULL'

Answer 2

Beautiful Soup看起来像是您在这里寻找的解决方案。它是一个专门为解析HTML和XML文件而构建的库（尽管you'll maybe have to also install some parsers）。你知道吗

应用于您的用例：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

with open("my_file.xml", "r") as infile:
    xml_text = infile.read()

soup = BeautifulSoup(xml_text, 'xml')

# replace all DateOfBirth tag contents with NULL
for dob_tag in soup.find_all("DateOfBirth"):
    dob_tag.string = "NULL"

# output and save modified file
with open("my_file_edited.xml", "w") as outfile:
    outfile.write(soup.prettify())

另外，还可以调整库以轻松替换其他标记，或者进行更复杂的/有条件的修改。这个工具有很好的文档。你知道吗

Answer 3

请参见下面的内容（使用XML的简化版本）

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xml = '''<r>  <Learner>
        <LearnRefNumber>16Learner</LearnRefNumber>
        <PMUKPRN>87654321</PMUKPRN>
        <CampId>1234ABCD</CampId>
        <ULN>1061484016</ULN>
        <FamilyName>Smith</FamilyName>
        <GivenNames>Jane</GivenNames>
        <DateOfBirth>1999-02-27</DateOfBirth>
        <Ethnicity>31</Ethnicity>
        <Sex>F</Sex>
        <LLDDHealthProb>2</LLDDHealthProb>
        <Accom>5</Accom>
        <PlanLearnHours>440</PlanLearnHours>
        <PlanEEPHours>100</PlanEEPHours>
        <MathGrade>NONE</MathGrade>
        <EngGrade>D</EngGrade>
        <PostcodePrior>BR1 7SS</PostcodePrior>
        <Postcode>BR1 7SS</Postcode>
        <AddLine1>The Street</AddLine1>
        <AddLine2>ToyTown</AddLine2>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>LSR</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>55</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>EDF</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>2</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>MCF</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>3</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>FME</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>2</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <LearnerFAM>
            <LearnFAMType>PPE</LearnFAMType>
            <LearnFAMCode>2</LearnFAMCode>
        </LearnerFAM>
        <!  Employment status record is not required for full time 16-19 (excluding apprenticeships) funded learners   >
        <!  16-19  (excluding apprenticeships) funded study programme  >
        <LearningDelivery>
            <LearnAimRef>50022246</LearnAimRef>
            <AimType>5</AimType>
            <AimSeqNumber>1</AimSeqNumber>
            <LearnStartDate>2015-09-14</LearnStartDate>
            <LearnPlanEndDate>2016-07-02</LearnPlanEndDate>
            <FundModel>25</FundModel>
            <DelLocPostCode>BR1 3RL</DelLocPostCode>
            <CompStatus>1</CompStatus>
            <SWSupAimId>cb5f0d25-cff4-4ea0-92f5-99378cce306d</SWSupAimId>
            <LearningDeliveryFAM>
                <LearnDelFAMType>SOF</LearnDelFAMType>
                <LearnDelFAMCode>107</LearnDelFAMCode>
            </LearningDeliveryFAM>
        </LearningDelivery>
        <LearningDelivery>
            <LearnAimRef>50023408</LearnAimRef>
            <AimType>4</AimType>
            <AimSeqNumber>2</AimSeqNumber>
            <LearnStartDate>2015-02-14</LearnStartDate>
            <LearnPlanEndDate>2016-07-15</LearnPlanEndDate>
            <FundModel>25</FundModel>
            <DelLocPostCode>BR2 7UP</DelLocPostCode>
            <CompStatus>3</CompStatus>
            <LearnActEndDate>2015-04-01</LearnActEndDate>
            <WithdrawReason>98</WithdrawReason>
            <Outcome>3</Outcome>
            <SWSupAimId>c243182a-30af-4879-8f68-3eac708e6bb3</SWSupAimId>
            <LearningDeliveryFAM>
                <LearnDelFAMType>SOF</LearnDelFAMType>
                <LearnDelFAMCode>107</LearnDelFAMCode>
            </LearningDeliveryFAM>
        </LearningDelivery>
    </Learner></r>
'''

root = ET.fromstring(xml)
dob_lst = root.findall('.//Learner/DateOfBirth')
for dob in dob_lst:
  dob.text = 'NULL'
ET.dump(root)