在PosithPython中暴露C++接口

2024-04-29 15:13:37 发布

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示例代码说明:

struct Base
{
  virtual int foo() = 0;
};

struct Derived : public Base
{
  virtual int foo()
  {
    return 42;
  }
};

Base* get_base()
{
  return new Derived;
}

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(libTestMod)
{
  py::class_<Base>("Base", py::no_init)
    .def("foo", py::pure_virtual(&Base::foo));

  py::def("get_base", get_base, py::return_internal_reference<>()); //ignore mem leak
}
  • 在python中不会重写Base::foo
  • Base:foo将在c++中实现,但不应向python公开

尝试了上述代码,但未能编译。

更新: 编译错误:

/path/to/boostlib/boost/1.53.0-0/common/include/boost/python/object/value_holder.hpp:66:11: error: cannot declare field 'boost_1_53_0::python::objects::value_holder<Base>::m_held' to be of abstract type 'Base'
Main.C:59:8: note:   because the following virtual functions are pure within 'Base':
Main.C:61:15: note:         virtual int Base::foo()

Tags: to代码pybasegetreturnfoopure
2条回答

抽象类实际上可以在没有包装器的情况下公开给Boost.Python。 诀窍是用boost::noncopyable定义类,并避免使用纯虚拟方法包装器。

下面是正确的代码(使用Boost.Python 1.47.0和Python 2.7.6进行了测试):

#include <boost/python/class.hpp>
#include <boost/python/def.hpp>
#include <boost/python/module.hpp>

struct Base
{
  virtual int foo() = 0;
};

struct Derived : public Base
{
  virtual int foo()
  {
    return 42;
  }
};

Base* get_base()
{
  return new Derived;
}

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(libTestMod)
{
    namespace py = boost::python;

    py::class_<Base, boost::noncopyable>("Base", py::no_init)
        .def("foo", &Base::foo);

    py::def("get_base", get_base,
        py::return_value_policy<py::reference_existing_object>()); //ignore mem leak
}

测试:

$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 31 2014, 16:04:58) 
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import libTestMod
>>> base = libTestMod.get_base()
>>> print base.foo()
42
<>抽象的C++类不能以这种方式暴露给Boost.Python。Pythontutorial给出了如何公开纯虚拟函数的示例。简而言之,当用^ {CD1> }装饰方法时,需要创建包装类型,以允许C++对虚拟函数进行多态分解,而虚拟函数实现将委托在Python对象层次结构中解析函数。

struct BaseWrap : Base, boost::python::wrapper<Base>
{
  int foo()
  {
    return this->get_override("foo")();
  }
};

...

boost::python::class_<BaseWrap>("Base", ...)
  .def("foo", boost::python::pure_virtual(&Base::foo))
  ;

有关详细信息,当通过boost::python::class_公开类型时,HeldType默认为公开的类型,并且HeldType在Python对象中构造。^{}文档说明:

Template Parameter:

  • T: The class being wrapped
  • HeldType: Specifies the type that is actually embedded in a Python object wrapping a T instance [...]. Defaults to T.

因此,boost::python::class_<Base>将失败,因为T = BaseHeldType = Base,以及Boost.Python将尝试将HeldType的对象实例化为表示Base实例的Python对象。这个实例化将失败,因为Base是一个抽象类。


下面是一个完整的示例,显示了BaseWrap类的使用。

#include <boost/python.hpp>

struct Base
{
  virtual int foo() = 0;
  virtual ~Base() {}
};

struct Derived : public Base
{
  virtual int foo()
  {
    return 42;
  }
};

Base* get_base()
{
  return new Derived;
}

namespace python = boost::python;

/// @brief Wrapper that will provide a non-abstract type for Base.
struct BaseWrap : Base, python::wrapper<Base>
{
  BaseWrap() {}

  BaseWrap(const Base& rhs)
    : Base(rhs)
  {}

  int foo()
  {
    return this->get_override("foo")();
  }
};

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example)
{
  python::class_<BaseWrap>("Base")
    .def("foo", python::pure_virtual(&Base::foo));
    ;

  python::def("get_base", &get_base,
              python::return_value_policy<python::manage_new_object>());
}

以及它的用法:

>>> import example
>>> class Spam(example.Base):
...     pass
... 
>>> Spam().foo()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
RuntimeError: Pure virtual function called
>>> class Egg(example.Base):
...     def foo(self):
...         return 100
... 
>>> e = Egg()
>>> e.foo()
100
>>> d = example.get_base()
>>> d.foo()
42

可以在Boost.Python中公开抽象类,方法是不使用默认的初始值设定项(boost::python::no_init)和不可复制(boost::noncopyable)。缺少初始值设定项会阻止Python类型从中派生,从而有效地防止重写。另外,^ {CD15}}在C++中实现的实现细节,由^ {CD16> }是无关紧要的。如果Python根本不应该知道foo()方法,那么省略通过def()公开它。

#include <boost/python.hpp>

struct Base
{
  virtual int foo() = 0;
  virtual ~Base() {}
};

struct Derived
  : public Base
{
  virtual int foo()
  {
    return 42;
  }
};

struct OtherDerived
  : public Base
{
  virtual int foo()
  {
    return 24;
  }
};

Base* get_base()
{
  return new Derived;
}

Base* get_other_base()
{
  return new OtherDerived;
}

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example)
{
  namespace python = boost::python;
  python::class_<Base, boost::noncopyable>("Base", python::no_init)
    ;

  python::class_<Derived, python::bases<Base> >("Derived", python::no_init)
    .def("foo", &Base::foo)
    ;

  python::class_<OtherDerived, python::bases<Base> >(
      "OtherDerived", python::no_init)
    ;

  python::def("get_base", &get_base,
              python::return_value_policy<python::manage_new_object>());

  python::def("get_other_base", &get_other_base,
              python::return_value_policy<python::manage_new_object>());
}

交互使用:

>>> import example
>>> b = example.get_base()
>>> b.foo()
42
>>> b = example.get_other_base()
>>> b.foo()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'OtherDerived' object has no attribute 'foo'

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