Django教程中的TemplateDoesNotExist错误 /polls/

Question

我最近在尝试Django的教程（文档），但是遇到了一个错误，已经卡了两天了。我会把我的views.py、settings.py和目录结构贴在下面。

Views.Py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import RequestContext, loader

from polls.models import Poll

# Create your views here.

#def index(request):
    #return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You are at the poll index.")

def index(request):
    latest_poll_list = Poll.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
    context = RequestContext(request, {
        'latest_poll_list': latest_poll_list,
    })
    return HttpResponse(template.render(context))

def detail(request,poll_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're looking at the results of the poll %s." % poll_id)

def results(request, poll_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're looking at the results of poll %s." % poll_id)

def vote(request,poll_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're voting on poll %s." % poll_id)

Settings.Py

"""
Django settings for mysite project.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'ma_x5+pnvp$o7#5g#lb)0g$sa5ln%k(z#wcahwib4dngbbe9^='

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'polls',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'C://Python34/mysite/db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

TEMPLATE_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

Urls.Py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from polls import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ex: /polls/
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
    # ex: /polls/5/
    url(r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),
    # ex: /polls/5/results/
    url(r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'),
    # ex: /polls/5/vote/
    url(r'^(?P<poll_id>\d+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
)

这是我收到的错误追踪信息。

Environment:


Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/

Django Version: 1.6.4
Python Version: 3.4.0
Installed Applications:
('django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'polls')
Installed Middleware:
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware')

Template Loader Error:
Django tried loading these templates, in this order:
Using loader django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader:
C:\templates\polls\index.html (File does not exist)
Using loader django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader:
C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\templates\polls\index.html (File does not exist)
C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\templates\polls\index.html (File does not exist)
C:\Python34\mysite\polls\templates\polls\index.html (File does not exist)



Traceback:
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in get_response
  114.                     response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\mysite\polls\views.py" in index
  14.     template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader.py" in get_template
  138.     template, origin = find_template(template_name)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader.py" in find_template
  131.     raise TemplateDoesNotExist(name)

Exception Type: TemplateDoesNotExist at /polls/
Exception Value: polls/index.html

我觉得问题出在指向我的index.html文件上，这个文件在/mysite/polls/templates/polls/index.html里。我的文件结构是mysite/polls/templates/polls/index.html。

如果有人能帮我解决这个问题，我将非常感激。提前谢谢大家的帮助！

Answer 1

在将你的模板目录添加到 setting.py 时，使用绝对路径，方法如下：

'DIRS': ["C:\\Users\username\project\\templates"],

Answer 2

你只需要在你的模板文件夹里创建一个名为“polls”的文件夹，具体的步骤可以参考这份文档。

其实我们可以把模板直接放在polls/templates里，而不需要再创建一个子文件夹，但这样做其实不好。因为Django会优先找到第一个名字匹配的模板，如果你在其他应用里也有同名的模板，Django就搞不清楚该用哪个了。为了让Django能找到正确的模板，最好的办法就是给它们加上命名空间，也就是把这些模板放在一个以应用名命名的文件夹里。

就像这样：

祝好。

Answer 3

你应该像下面这样把你的模板文件夹添加到 setting.py 文件中：

TEMPLATE_DIRS=(
  "C:/python27/Lib/site-packages/django/bin/project1/templates",
)

Answer 4

请尝试用我下面写的代码块替换你的模板，复制它并替换掉你的模板：

TEMPLATES = [
    {
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': ['polls/templates'],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
        'context_processors': [

            'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
            'django.template.context_processors.debug',
            'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
            'django.template.context_processors.media',
            'django.template.context_processors.static',
            'django.template.context_processors.tz',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

我觉得你的 template_dirs=[] 这个变量可能没有正常工作。如果你使用的是1.9版本，这个变量已经被淘汰了，可能会被忽略。如果你的模板文件夹放在其他地方，可以在里面随便写点东西，然后在错误追踪中查找它，接着把这个路径和你想要的路径进行对比，然后再进行调整...

希望这对你有帮助