Python:并行执行cat子进程
我在一个远程服务器上运行几个 cat | zgrep
命令,并单独收集它们的输出,以便后续处理:
class MainProcessor(mp.Process):
def __init__(self, peaks_array):
super(MainProcessor, self).__init__()
self.peaks_array = peaks_array
def run(self):
for peak_arr in self.peaks_array:
peak_processor = PeakProcessor(peak_arr)
peak_processor.start()
class PeakProcessor(mp.Process):
def __init__(self, peak_arr):
super(PeakProcessor, self).__init__()
self.peak_arr = peak_arr
def run(self):
command = 'ssh remote_host cat files_to_process | zgrep --mmap "regex" '
log_lines = (subprocess.check_output(command, shell=True)).split('\n')
process_data(log_lines)
不过,这样做会导致这些子进程(也就是 'ssh ... cat ...' 命令)一个接一个地执行。第二个命令得等第一个命令完成后才能开始,依此类推。
我该如何修改这段代码,让这些子进程可以同时运行,同时又能单独收集每个命令的输出呢?
2 个回答
41
你不需要用 multiprocessing
或 threading
来同时运行子进程。比如说:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from subprocess import Popen
# run commands in parallel
processes = [Popen("echo {i:d}; sleep 2; echo {i:d}".format(i=i), shell=True)
for i in range(5)]
# collect statuses
exitcodes = [p.wait() for p in processes]
这段代码可以同时运行5个命令。注意:这里没有使用线程或者 multiprocessing
模块。给命令加上&符号是没有意义的,因为 Popen
不会等命令执行完。你需要明确调用 .wait()
来等待。
虽然使用线程来收集子进程的输出很方便,但其实并不是必须的:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool # thread pool
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
# run commands in parallel
processes = [Popen("echo {i:d}; sleep 2; echo {i:d}".format(i=i), shell=True,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, close_fds=True)
for i in range(5)]
# collect output in parallel
def get_lines(process):
return process.communicate()[0].splitlines()
outputs = Pool(len(processes)).map(get_lines, processes)
相关内容:Python threading multiple bash subprocesses?.
下面是一个代码示例,它可以在同一个线程中同时获取多个子进程的输出(适用于Python 3.8及以上版本):
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import asyncio
import sys
from subprocess import PIPE, STDOUT
async def get_lines(shell_command):
p = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
shell_command, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT
)
return (await p.communicate())[0].splitlines()
async def main():
# get commands output in parallel
coros = [
get_lines(
f'"{sys.executable}" -c "print({i:d}); import time; time.sleep({i:d})"'
)
for i in range(5)
]
print(await asyncio.gather(*coros))
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
旧的(2014年)答案(Python 3.4?):
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import asyncio
import sys
from asyncio.subprocess import PIPE, STDOUT
@asyncio.coroutine
def get_lines(shell_command):
p = yield from asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(shell_command,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT)
return (yield from p.communicate())[0].splitlines()
if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
loop = asyncio.ProactorEventLoop() # for subprocess' pipes on Windows
asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
else:
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
# get commands output in parallel
coros = [get_lines('"{e}" -c "print({i:d}); import time; time.sleep({i:d})"'
.format(i=i, e=sys.executable)) for i in range(5)]
print(loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*coros)))
loop.close()
0
另一种方法(除了之前提到的将 shell 进程放在后台)是使用 多线程。
你现在的 run
方法可以这样做:
thread.start_new_thread ( myFuncThatDoesZGrep)
要收集结果,你可以这样做:
class MyThread(threading.Thread):
def run(self):
self.finished = False
# Your code to run the command here.
blahBlah()
# When finished....
self.finished = True
self.results = []
按照上面链接中的多线程方法运行线程。当你的线程对象的 myThread.finished 等于 True 时,你就可以通过 myThread.results 来收集结果。