sqlite、pyvenv 和 django

Question

我刚接触Python和Django，想在Linux Mint Mate 13上用pyvenv-3.4环境来运行Python 3.4和Django 1.6.4。我按照使用Python 3.4的虚拟环境里的步骤，做了“从源代码构建Python 3.4”和“使用pyvenv-3.4”。然后我又跟着写你的第一个Django应用的教程，成功创建了一个叫“mysite”的项目。但是，当我输入命令“python manage.py runserver”时，出现了错误： django.core.exceptions. ImproperlyConfigured: 加载pysqlite2或sqlite3模块时出错 （按这个顺序尝试）： 没有名为'_sqlite3'的模块

抱歉，我不太记得为什么我选择从源代码编译，可能是因为在标准的Ubuntu下载中找不到pyvenv，使用apt-get也没找到。无论如何，源代码分发的Makefile里没有“卸载”这个目标，所以看起来我只能用make安装的东西，而不知道接下来该怎么做才能让pyvenv-python-django正常工作。

我在更新这个帖子，附上完整的错误信息：

$ python manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 30, in <module>
    from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as Database
ImportError: No module named 'pysqlite2'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 32, in <module>
    from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/sqlite3/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from sqlite3.dbapi2 import *
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/sqlite3/dbapi2.py", line 26, in <module>
    from _sqlite3 import *
ImportError: No module named '_sqlite3'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 399, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 392, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 242, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 280, in execute
    translation.activate('en-us')
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 130, in activate
    return _trans.activate(language)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 188, in activate
    _active.value = translation(language)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 177, in translation
    default_translation = _fetch(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py", line 159, in _fetch
    app = import_module(appname)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 104, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2231, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2214, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from django.contrib.admin.sites import AdminSite, site
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.admin.forms import AdminAuthenticationForm
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/forms.py", line 6, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.forms import AuthenticationForm
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/forms.py", line 17, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 48, in <module>
    class Permission(models.Model):
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 96, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 264, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 124, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 34, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 198, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 113, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 104, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/local/djenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 35, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading either pysqlite2 or sqlite3 modules (tried in that order): %s" % exc)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading either pysqlite2 or sqlite3 modules (tried in that order): No module named '_sqlite3'

Answer 1

听起来你在从源代码构建CPython的时候，没有安装SQLite的开发库。构建的过程会根据你是否有这些开发库来决定是否包含一些功能。

如果你使用的是Debian GNU/Linux或者它的衍生版本，可以安装 libsqlite3-dev。然后再运行 ./configure、make 和 make install。