Django：ValueError：查找字段account.UserProfile.user引用的模型失败：auth.User

Question

在运行 python manage.py migrate 时出现了这个错误：

ValueError: 查找模型失败，字段 account.UserProfile.user 参考的模型是: auth.User

我做了以下步骤：

1. 创建了项目并添加了新的应用：

$ django-admin.py startproject djdev
$ cd djdev
$ python manage.py startapp account

2. 我把新应用添加到了 INSTALLED_APPS 中，位置在 djdev/settings.py：

...
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'account',
)
...

3. 在 account/models.py 中创建了一个新的 UserProfile 模型类：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class UserProfile(models.Model):
    """
    User Profile having one-to-one relations with User
    """
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'user_profile'
        ordering = ['id']

    user = models.OneToOneField(User, db_column='id_user', related_name='profile')

    mobile_no = models.CharField('Mobile no.', db_column='contact_no_home', max_length=16, blank=True, null=True)
    address_line_1 = models.CharField('Address Line 1', db_column='contact_address_line_1_home', max_length=140, blank=True, null=True)
    address_line_2 = models.CharField('Address Line 2', db_column='contact_address_line_2_home', max_length=140, blank=True, null=True)

    office_mobile_no = models.CharField('Mobile no.', db_column='contact_no_office', max_length=16, blank=True, null=True)
    office_address_line_1 = models.CharField('Address Line 1', db_column='contact_address_line_1_office', max_length=140, blank=True, null=True)
    office_address_line_2 = models.CharField('Address Line 2', db_column='contact_address_line_2_office', max_length=140, blank=True, null=True)

    about = models.TextField('About me', blank=True, null=True)
    note = models.CharField('Note', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.user.name

4. 开始迁移：

$ python manage.py makemigrations account
$ python manage.py migrate

在执行最后一个命令 python manage.py migrate 后，我收到了这个错误：

Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: (none)
  Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, account, auth, sessions
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
  Creating tables...
  Installing custom SQL...
  Installing indexes...
Running migrations:
  Applying account.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 427, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 419, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/core/management/base.py", line 337, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 146, in handle
    executor.migrate(targets, plan, fake=options.get("fake", False))
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 62, in migrate
    self.apply_migration(migration, fake=fake)
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 90, in apply_migration
    if self.detect_soft_applied(migration):
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 134, in detect_soft_applied
    apps = project_state.render()
  File "/home/vinay/python_webapps/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/state.py", line 83, in render
    model=lookup_model
ValueError: Lookup failed for model referenced by field account.UserProfile.user: auth.User

注意：我使用的 Django 版本是：1.8.dev20140507130401

Answer 1

我找到了一种其他的解决办法，也很好用。

可以看看rockallite.wulf@的解决方案，链接在这里：https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/22488

只需要在迁移文件中添加相应的依赖，就像这样：

dependencies = [
        (b'advperm', b'0001_initial'),
        (b'auth', b'__first__'),
        (b'contenttypes', b'__first__'),  # Add this line
]

Answer 2

我看到上面的评论是建议只在依赖列表中添加最后一行 (('contenttypes',' __first__'))，但我发现我需要添加最后两行才能解决这个问题。对于那些对Django中的 makemigrations 工具了解得更好的人来说，这可能很明显，但我对它还很陌生，所以对我来说并不是这样。

我之前的迁移文件依赖列表，原本也出现了同样的错误……

dependencies = [
    ('myapp', '0006_auto_20150209_0324'),
    (b'auth', b'__first__'),
    (b'contenttypes', b'__first__'),
]

Answer 3

这个问题已经在主分支上修复了。

修复的提交记录:

• https://code.djangoproject.com/changeset/8f6dff372b174e772920de6d82bd085f1a74eaf2
• https://code.djangoproject.com/changeset/35c2a14a49ac3cb25dcff818b280bf0b4c290287

你可以在正式版本发布之前先安装这个版本：

pip install https://github.com/django/django/zipball/master

测试:

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Test(models.Model):
  user = models.OneToOneField(User)

结果

[__env] $ ./manage.py makemigrations
  Migrations for 'data':
  0001_initial.py:
    - Create model Test
[__env] $ ./manage.py migrate
  Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions
    (... ommited ...)
  Running migrations:
  Applying data.0001_initial... OK