Python: IndexError: 列表索引超出范围，IRC Bot

Question

我正在制作一个Python的Twitch IRC机器人，除了一个问题，其他都运行得很好。大约每20分钟，它就会崩溃，出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Geekster_Bot\Geekster_Bot Code\Geekster_Bot_Test_Write", line 54, in <module>
    user = data.split(':')[1]
IndexError: list index out of range

我查阅了很多资料，尝试了几种方法，但都没有解决这个问题。我对Python还是很陌生，做了我能想到的所有事情。这段代码是出问题的地方。

data = irc.recv(1204) #gets output from IRC server
user = data.split(':')[1]
user = user.split('!')[0] #determines the sender of the messages
print data

问题出在接收到的IRC数据被分割的地方。':'这个符号是分割的依据，因为在IRC中，它用来区分昵称和消息。不过，即使不使用它，程序在大约20分钟后也会崩溃。使用它时，情况也是一样。崩溃的时间都是在20分钟之后。

有没有什么想法可以解决这个问题？

更新

queue = 0 #sets variable for anti-spam queue functionality

newsmsg = 'whitelist'

irc = socket.socket()
irc.connect((server, 6667)) #connects to the server

#sends variables for connection to twitch chat
irc.send('PASS ' + password + '\r\n')
irc.send('USER ' + nick + ' 0 * :' + bot_owner + '\r\n')
irc.send('NICK ' + nick + '\r\n')
irc.send('JOIN ' + channel + '\r\n')

def queuetimer(): #function for resetting the queue every 30 seconds
    global queue
    print 'queue reset'
    queue = 0
    threading.Timer(30,queuetimer).start()
queuetimer()

while True:

    def message(msg): #function for sending messages to the IRC chat
        global queue
        queue = queue + 1
        print queue
        if queue < 20: #ensures does not send >20 msgs per 30 seconds.
            irc.send('PRIVMSG ' + channel + ' :' + msg + '\r\n')
        else:
            print 'Message deleted'

    def socialtimer(): #function for announcing social 
        global ntimer
        z = open('E:\mIRC\Twitter.txt')
        SOCIAL = z.read()
        message (SOCIAL)
        print 'Social Timers Started!'
        ntimer = threading.Timer(1200,socialtimer)
        ntimer.start()


data = irc.recv(1204) #gets output from IRC server
try: user = data.split(':')[1];
except IndexError: print (data)
user = user.split('!')[0] #determines the sender of the messages
print (data)

下面是我用这个机器人执行命令的代码。这段代码只是使用了data.find。

Answer 1

根据我看到的，捕捉这个异常是很自然的，应该不会有什么坏处。偶尔服务器上没有新的数据可以获取，所以data会是一个空字符串。不过，有一种更清晰的做法可能是（另外，我稍微改写了一下你的代码，并假设你最后的代码块也是在while True里面）：

#It's good practice to define functions first, too keep definitions in one place

def queuetimer(): #function for resetting the queue every 30 seconds
    global queue
    print 'queue reset'
    queue = 0
    threading.Timer(30,queuetimer).start()

def message(msg): #function for sending messages to the IRC chat
    global queue
    queue = queue + 1
    print queue
    if queue < 20: #ensures does not send >20 msgs per 30 seconds.
        irc.send('PRIVMSG ' + channel + ' :' + msg + '\r\n')
    else:
        print 'Message deleted'

def socialtimer(): #function for announcing social 
    global ntimer
    z = open('E:\mIRC\Twitter.txt')
    SOCIAL = z.read()
    message (SOCIAL)
    print 'Social Timers Started!'
    ntimer = threading.Timer(1200,socialtimer)
    ntimer.start()

queue = 0 #sets variable for anti-spam queue functionality

newsmsg = 'whitelist'

irc = socket.socket()
irc.connect((server, 6667)) #connects to the server

#sends variables for connection to twitch chat
irc.send('PASS ' + password + '\r\n')
irc.send('USER ' + nick + ' 0 * :' + bot_owner + '\r\n')
irc.send('NICK ' + nick + '\r\n')
irc.send('JOIN ' + channel + '\r\n')


queuetimer()

while True:
    data = irc.recv(1024) #gets output from IRC server, 1024 is a better number than 1204
    #make sure data isn't an empty string
    if data != '':
        user = data.split(':')[1]
        user = user.split('!')[0] #determines the sender of the messages
        print (data)
    else:
        print ("Nothing to get from the server")

顺便说一下，try...except的正确写法是

try:
    #do something
except ExceptionName:
    #do something else
else:
    #do something if no exceptions occurred
finally:
    #do something even if an unhandled exception occurs and then rise it

我实在没法把这个放进我的评论里。这是文档链接