Python - ctypes - 如何调用函数和访问结构字段?

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1 回答
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提问于 2025-04-18 04:44

我有一个C语言的库:

smart_string.h

typedef struct SmartString {
    unsigned string_len;
    unsigned alloc_len;
    char *str;
    char *str_terminator;

} SmartString;

SmartString *SmartString_new(char *str);
... definitions of more functions ...

它的实现代码在一个叫smart_string.c的文件里。

我需要一个指南,教我怎么运行SmartString_new()这个函数,以及如何访问返回的结构体指针里的字段。

有没有人能教我一下?

谢谢!

1 个回答

8

我来给自己解答一下,并和大家分享一下知识:

首先,需要从C文件创建一个共享库:

gcc -shared -fpic smart_string.c -o SmartString.so

然后,使用下面的Python代码(代码中的注释会解释每一步的操作):

注意:上面API中的char*是C语言中可以修改的字符串,而const char*是只读字符串。因为C语言的API需要char*而不是const char*,所以我们必须传递一个可变字符串,这样C代码才能对它进行修改。Python中的字符串默认是不可变的。因此,我们在这里使用create_string_buffer()这个函数。

python_smart_string.py

import ctypes
from ctypes import *

# Defining the python type that represents the C SmartString
# It must extend the 'Structure' class
# Structure, c_uint, c_char_p, etc. were imported from ctypes
class SmartString(Structure):
    _fields_=[("string_len",c_uint),
              ("alloc_len",c_uint),
              ("str",c_char_p),
              ("str_terminator", c_char_p)]


# Loading the C shared lib I've just compiled
smartstring_lib = ctypes.CDLL('SmartString.so')

# Defining pointer to the SmartString_new() function
SmartString_new = smartstring_lib.SmartString_new

# Declaring the function return type - a pointer to a SmartString object - just like in the C code
SmartString_new.restype = POINTER(SmartString)

# Declaring list of parameter types. In this case, the list contains only one item,
# as the function has only one parameter
SmartString_new.argtypes = [c_char_p]

# Calling the SmartString_new() function. Expecting to get a pointer to SmartString object into 'my_str'
# The API requires a MUTABLE string, so create_string_buffer() is used here
# The reference to this string is not saved, as I don't care if it is modified by the C code
my_str = SmartString_new(create_string_buffer('my nice string'))

# Printing fields of the dereferenced returned value (dereferencing is done using '.contents')
print my_str.contents.string_len
print my_str.contents.alloc_len
print my_str.contents.str
print my_str.contents.str_terminator

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