我的NIM游戏代码。计算机回合代码错误

Question

#Question 1
def playNovice(marbles):
    import random
    rand = random.randint(1,(0.5*marbles))
    print('Computer takes: ', rand)

#Question 2
def userPlay(marbles):
    userAmount = marbles
    while userAmount > (marbles * 0.5):
        userAmount = int(input("Input Number of Marbles you want to take from pile: "))
    return userAmount

#Question 4
import random
marbles = random.randint(10,100)
print("Size of Marble Pile: ", marbles)
OneOrZero = random.randint(0,1)
starter = int(input("Enter a Number between 0 and 1 to decide who starts: "))
while marbles > 1:
    if starter == OneOrZero:
        while marbles > 1:
            print("Your Turn!")
            rand = userPlay(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')
            print("Computers Turn!")
            rand = playNovice(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')          
    elif starter != OneOrZero:
        while marbles > 1:
            print("Computers Turn!")
            rand = playNovice(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')
            print("Your Turn!")
            rand = userPlay(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')

当电脑出现问题时，常常会显示一个错误代码。很多时候，我发现自己很难理解这个错误代码的意思，或者至少不知道该怎么解决它。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/ruairimangan-cliff/Documents/Work:Personal/Engineering Foundation/Semester 2/Foundations of Computer Programming/NIM/Coursework Assignment (NIM) 2.py", line 44, in <module>
    playNovice(marbles)
  File "/Users/ruairimangan-cliff/Documents/Work:Personal/Engineering Foundation/Semester 2/Foundations of Computer Programming/NIM/Coursework Assignment (NIM) 2.py", line 23, in playNovice
    rand = random.randint(1,(0.5*marbles))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/random.py", line 213, in randint
    return self.randrange(a, b+1)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/random.py", line 186, in randrange
    raise ValueError("non-integer stop for randrange()")
ValueError: non-integer stop for randrange()

Answer 1

错误信息可以在追踪记录中看到：

rand = random.randint(1,(0.5*marbles))

这个函数调用的第二个值是一个浮点数，而不是整数。randint 函数只接受整数作为参数。不过，这个异常的理解可能比平常要复杂一些，因为 randint 是一个包装函数，它实际上是调用了 randrange，真正的错误是在这里发生的。

要解决这个问题，你需要用 int 强制把你的参数变成整数，或者可以考虑用其他方法来计算（比如使用 // 这个整除运算符）。看起来这像是一个作业，我就不详细说明了。

不过，你可能还会遇到另一个问题，就是你的 playNovice 函数没有返回拿走的弹珠数量。你可能也想把这个问题解决一下！

Answer 2

正如你所看到的，random.randint() 只接受 整数（int）。

>>> import random
>>> random.randint(1, 10)
6
>>> random.randint(1, 10)
2

但是，如果你使用 浮点数（float），它会给你同样的错误：

>>> random.randint(1, 10.5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 240, in randint
    return self.randrange(a, b+1)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 196, in randrange
    raise ValueError, "non-integer stop for randrange()"
ValueError: non-integer stop for randrange()
>>> 

这是你更新后的代码

import math
#Question 1
def playNovice(marbles):
    import random
    rand = random.randint(1,math.floor(0.5*marbles))
    print('Computer takes: ', rand)

#Question 2
def userPlay(marbles):
    userAmount = marbles
    while userAmount > (marbles * 0.5):
        userAmount = int(input("Input Number of Marbles you want to take from pile: "))
    return userAmount

#Question 4
import random
marbles = random.randint(10,100)
print("Size of Marble Pile: ", marbles)
OneOrZero = random.randint(0,1)
starter = int(input("Enter a Number between 0 and 1 to decide who starts: "))
while marbles > 1:
    if starter == OneOrZero:
        while marbles > 1:
            print("Your Turn!")
            rand = userPlay(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')
            print("Computers Turn!")
            rand = playNovice(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')          
    elif starter != OneOrZero:
        while marbles > 1:
            print("Computers Turn!")
            rand = playNovice(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')
            print("Your Turn!")
            rand = userPlay(marbles)
            marbles = (marbles - rand)
            print(marbles, 'Marbles Remaining')

这里使用了 math.floor 来获取最小的整数，这样如果 marbles 是 11，我们就不希望它取一个更高的随机整数（比如 6）。