cx_freeze 创建 exe 文件时与 pandas 库冲突

Question

我在用cx_freeze创建exe文件时遇到了问题，特别是和Pandas库有关。我看到很多人也在处理numPy时遇到麻烦，但我成功地把numPy引入了。我的主要问题是Pandas。Pandas里面有没有什么东西可能导致失败呢？

设置文件

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
build_exe_options = {
"includes": ['numpy', 'pandas'],
"packages": [],
'excludes' : [],
"include_files": []}

setup(
    name = "appName",
    version = "0.1",
    description = "",
    author = "Dengar",
    options = {"build_exe": build_exe_options},
    executables = [Executable("appName.py")]
    )

代码片段 展示我正在引入的内容

import pyodbc
import numpy as np
import pandas.io.sql as psql
from pandas import  DataFrame, Series, date_range
import datetime

print("Hello World")

这是我得到的错误日志

> Stamped: build\exe.win-amd64-2.7\appName.exe Traceback (most recent
> call last):   File "setup.py", line 17, in <module>
>     executables = [Executable("pyodbc.py")]   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\dist.py",
> line 365, in setup
>     distutils.core.setup(**attrs)   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\distutils\core.py",
> line 152, in setup
>     dist.run_commands()   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\distutils\dist.py",
> line 953, in run_commands
>     self.run_command(cmd)   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\distutils\dist.py",
> line 972, in run_command
>     cmd_obj.run()   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\distutils\command\build.py",
> line 127, in run
>     self.run_command(cmd_name)   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\distutils\cmd.py",
> line 326, in run_command
>     self.distribution.run_command(command)   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\distutils\dist.py",
> line 972, in run_command
>     cmd_obj.run()   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\dist.py",
> line 235, in run
>     freezer.Freeze()   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\freezer.py",
> line 582, in Freeze
>     self.compress, self.copyDependentFiles)   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\freezer.py",
> line 492, in _WriteModules
>     module.Create(finder)   File "C:\Users\Dengar\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\freezer.py",
> line 714, in Create
>     module.file, module.name) cx_Freeze.freezer.ConfigError: no file named sys (for module boto.compat.sys)

如果我把Pandas从我的设置文件和代码片段中去掉，只保留NumPy，那么我就能成功创建一个可用的exe文件。有没有人遇到过这个问题？exe文件虽然创建了，但没有任何支持文件被添加到构建目录中。打开exe时，程序立刻崩溃。

我在一个运行Python 2.7 64位的Anaconda Windows 8机器上。

Answer 1

下面的内容应该能帮助你解决这个问题（也可能会引导你遇到下一个缺少依赖的问题；）

在检查freeze.py的代码时，发现有一个情况没有被检查到，所以我对freezer.py做了以下修改：

第600行，从

    try:
        if module.parent is not None:
            path = os.pathsep.join([origPath] + module.parent.path)
            os.environ["PATH"] = path
        self._CopyFile(module.file, target, copyDependentFiles)
    finally:
        os.environ["PATH"] = origPath

改为：

    try:
        if module.parent is not None:
            if module.parent.path is not None:
                path = os.pathsep.join([origPath] + module.parent.path)
                os.environ["PATH"] = path
                self._CopyFile(module.file, target, copyDependentFiles)
            else:
                path = os.pathsep.join([origPath, os.path.dirname(module.parent.file)])
                os.environ["PATH"] = path
                print '========================================================'
    finally:
        os.environ["PATH"] = origPath

Answer 2

在你的 build_exe_options 中添加以下内容：

'build_exe': {
    'excludes': ['boto.compat.sys',
                 'boto.compat._sre',
                 'boto.compat._json',
                 'boto.compat._locale',
                 'boto.compat._struct',
                 'boto.compat.array'],
}

我查看了 boto/compat.py，发现没有导入 sys 模块。通过排除上面列出的模块，boto/compat.py 仍然被包含在内。

在排除了 'boto.compat.sys' 和 'boto.compat._sre' 后，我遇到了以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 31, in <module>
    executables=executables
  File "/Users/king/virtual_envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Freeze/dist.py", line 362, in setup
    distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build.py", line 127, in run
    self.run_command(cmd_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/Users/king/virtual_envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Freeze/dist.py", line 232, in run
    freezer.Freeze()
  File "/Users/king/virtual_envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Freeze/freezer.py", line 610, in Freeze
    self.compress, self.copyDependentFiles)
  File "/Users/king/virtual_envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Freeze/freezer.py", line 586, in _WriteModules
    path = os.pathsep.join([origPath] + module.parent.path)
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "NoneType") to list

我运行了 ipython，然后输入了：

In [1]: pdb
Automatic pdb calling has been turned ON

In [2]: run setup.py build

要从 module.parent.path 获取 module 的访问权限：

ipdb> module
<Module name='boto.compat._json', file='/Users/king/virtual_envs/py27/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_json.so'>

注意：_json.so 是内置的 json 模块。这意味着将它特别放入包含列表中应该会包含它。我没有这样做，因为其他包让 cx_freeze 自动识别了它。排除 'boto.compat._json' 解决了这个问题。

我重复这个过程，直到整个构建完成。我确认所有基础模块都被 cx_freeze 识别了（_sre, _json, _locale, _struct, array），所以我不需要手动将它们添加到包含列表中。

所以，你更新后的脚本看起来会是：

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
build_exe_options = {
"includes": ['numpy', 'pandas'],
"packages": [],
'excludes' : ['boto.compat.sys',
              'boto.compat._sre',
              'boto.compat._json',
              'boto.compat._locale',
              'boto.compat._struct',
              'boto.compat.array'],
"include_files": []}

setup(
    name = "appName",
    version = "0.1",
    description = "",
    author = "Dengar",
    options = {"build_exe": build_exe_options},
    executables = [Executable("appName.py")]
)