Python Tkinter：使用鼠标滚轮滚动画布

Question

我在一个画布里创建了一棵树，并且我让鼠标滚轮可以上下滚动。

但是，我该如何防止在树的内容没有超过画布大小时进行滚动呢？（树的内容可能会因为展开而超过画布的大小）

请运行以下代码：

from Tkinter import Tk, Frame, BOTH, Canvas
from xml.dom.minidom import parseString
from idlelib.TreeWidget import TreeItem, TreeNode

class DomTreeItem(TreeItem):
   def __init__(self, node):
      self.node = node
   def GetText(self):
      node = self.node
      if node.nodeType == node.ELEMENT_NODE:
         return node.nodeName
      elif node.nodeType == node.TEXT_NODE:
         return node.nodeValue
   def IsExpandable(self):
      node = self.node
      return node.hasChildNodes()
   def GetSubList(self):
      parent = self.node
      children = parent.childNodes
      prelist = [DomTreeItem(node) for node in children]
      itemlist = [item for item in prelist if item.GetText().strip()]
      return itemlist

data = '''
<top>
 <b>
  <c>d</c>
  <c>e</c>
 </b>
 <b>
  <c><c><c><c><c>f</c></c></c></c></c>
  <c><c><c><c><c>f</c></c></c></c></c>
  <c><c><c><c><c>f</c></c></c></c></c>
 </b>
</top>
'''

class Application(Frame):
   def __init__(self, parent):
      Frame.__init__(self, parent, background = "white")
      parent.configure(bg = "black")
      self.pack(fill = BOTH, expand = True, padx = 20, pady = 20)      
      self.parent = parent

      self.parent.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (700, 700, 0, 0))

      self.canvas = Canvas(self, bg = "white", bd = 10, highlightbackground = "black")
      self.canvas.grid(column = 0, row = 0, rowspan = 2)
      dom = parseString(data)
      item = DomTreeItem(dom.documentElement)
      node = TreeNode(self.canvas, None, item)
      node.update()
      node.expand()

      self.parent.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.mouse_wheel) # Windows mouse wheel event
      self.parent.bind("<Button-4>", self.mouse_wheel) # Linux mouse wheel event (Up)
      self.parent.bind("<Button-5>", self.mouse_wheel) # Linux mouse wheel event (Down)

   def mouse_wheel(self, event):
      """ Mouse wheel as scroll bar """
      direction = 0
      # respond to Linux or Windows wheel event
      if event.num == 5 or event.delta == -120:
         direction = 1
      if event.num == 4 or event.delta == 120:
         direction = -1
      self.canvas.yview_scroll(direction, "units")

def main():
   root = Tk()
   Application(root)
   root.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
   main()  

Answer 1

我对树结构不太熟悉，但看起来它就是一堆标签。你可以测量这些标签的高度，然后和画布的高度进行比较，这样就能判断是否需要滚动页面。这种方法有点粗糙，但对我来说有效：

if self.canvas.winfo_reqheight() < len(self.canvas.winfo_children()) * self.canvas.winfo_children()[0].winfo_reqheight():
    self.canvas.yview_scroll(direction, "units")
else:
    pass

补充一下：如果觉得上面的代码太乱了，这里有个伪代码：

if CANVAS_HEIGHT < NUMBER_OF_LABELS * LABEL_HEIGHT:
    scroll

Answer 2

你可以使用画布的 bbox 方法来获取在画布上绘制的物品的实际高度。bbox 会返回一个包含矩形信息的元组。你可以把这个矩形的高度和你的画布小部件的高度进行比较。

  height = self.canvas.winfo_height()
  _,_,_,items_height = self.canvas.bbox(Tkinter.ALL)
  if (items_height < height):
     direction = 0