邮件接收时触发脚本
我想要在我的网页服务器上，每次收到特定账户的邮件时，自动运行一个Python脚本。同时，我还需要把这封邮件作为参数传递给这个脚本。我的网页服务器使用的是Dovecot。我该怎么做呢？
2 个回答
4
如果IMAP服务器支持IDLE命令，它可以通知你有新邮件。如果不支持这个命令，你就需要定期检查收件箱，可以使用标准库里的imaplib来实现（这里有个示例代码，教你如何获取某个时间段内的邮件）。
虽然imaplib本身不支持IDLE命令，但可以通过一些简单的方法来添加这个功能，比如使用imapidle。
from imapidle import imaplib
m = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
m.login('robert', 'pa55w0rd')
m.select()
for uid, msg in m.idle(): # yield new messages
print msg
6
我建议你看看 Twisted，特别是它的 IMAP 和 POP 协议以及客户端模块。
举个例子：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.
"""
Simple IMAP4 client which displays the subjects of all messages in a
particular mailbox.
"""
import sys
from twisted.internet import protocol
from twisted.internet import ssl
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.internet import stdio
from twisted.mail import imap4
from twisted.protocols import basic
from twisted.python import util
from twisted.python import log
class TrivialPrompter(basic.LineReceiver):
from os import linesep as delimiter
promptDeferred = None
def prompt(self, msg):
assert self.promptDeferred is None
self.display(msg)
self.promptDeferred = defer.Deferred()
return self.promptDeferred
def display(self, msg):
self.transport.write(msg)
def lineReceived(self, line):
if self.promptDeferred is None:
return
d, self.promptDeferred = self.promptDeferred, None
d.callback(line)
class SimpleIMAP4Client(imap4.IMAP4Client):
"""
A client with callbacks for greeting messages from an IMAP server.
"""
greetDeferred = None
def serverGreeting(self, caps):
self.serverCapabilities = caps
if self.greetDeferred is not None:
d, self.greetDeferred = self.greetDeferred, None
d.callback(self)
class SimpleIMAP4ClientFactory(protocol.ClientFactory):
usedUp = False
protocol = SimpleIMAP4Client
def __init__(self, username, onConn):
self.ctx = ssl.ClientContextFactory()
self.username = username
self.onConn = onConn
def buildProtocol(self, addr):
"""
Initiate the protocol instance. Since we are building a simple IMAP
client, we don't bother checking what capabilities the server has. We
just add all the authenticators twisted.mail has. Note: Gmail no
longer uses any of the methods below, it's been using XOAUTH since
2010.
"""
assert not self.usedUp
self.usedUp = True
p = self.protocol(self.ctx)
p.factory = self
p.greetDeferred = self.onConn
p.registerAuthenticator(imap4.PLAINAuthenticator(self.username))
p.registerAuthenticator(imap4.LOGINAuthenticator(self.username))
p.registerAuthenticator(
imap4.CramMD5ClientAuthenticator(self.username))
return p
def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
d, self.onConn = self.onConn, None
d.errback(reason)
def cbServerGreeting(proto, username, password):
"""
Initial callback - invoked after the server sends us its greet message.
"""
# Hook up stdio
tp = TrivialPrompter()
stdio.StandardIO(tp)
# And make it easily accessible
proto.prompt = tp.prompt
proto.display = tp.display
# Try to authenticate securely
return proto.authenticate(password
).addCallback(cbAuthentication, proto
).addErrback(ebAuthentication, proto, username, password
)
def ebConnection(reason):
"""
Fallback error-handler. If anything goes wrong, log it and quit.
"""
log.startLogging(sys.stdout)
log.err(reason)
return reason
def cbAuthentication(result, proto):
"""
Callback after authentication has succeeded.
Lists a bunch of mailboxes.
"""
return proto.list("", "*"
).addCallback(cbMailboxList, proto
)
def ebAuthentication(failure, proto, username, password):
"""
Errback invoked when authentication fails.
If it failed because no SASL mechanisms match, offer the user the choice
of logging in insecurely.
If you are trying to connect to your Gmail account, you will be here!
"""
failure.trap(imap4.NoSupportedAuthentication)
return proto.prompt(
"No secure authentication available. Login insecurely? (y/N) "
).addCallback(cbInsecureLogin, proto, username, password
)
def cbInsecureLogin(result, proto, username, password):
"""
Callback for "insecure-login" prompt.
"""
if result.lower() == "y":
# If they said yes, do it.
return proto.login(username, password
).addCallback(cbAuthentication, proto
)
return defer.fail(Exception("Login failed for security reasons."))
def cbMailboxList(result, proto):
"""
Callback invoked when a list of mailboxes has been retrieved.
"""
result = [e[2] for e in result]
s = '\n'.join(['%d. %s' % (n + 1, m) for (n, m) in zip(range(len(result)), result)])
if not s:
return defer.fail(Exception("No mailboxes exist on server!"))
return proto.prompt(s + "\nWhich mailbox? [1] "
).addCallback(cbPickMailbox, proto, result
)
def cbPickMailbox(result, proto, mboxes):
"""
When the user selects a mailbox, "examine" it.
"""
mbox = mboxes[int(result or '1') - 1]
return proto.examine(mbox
).addCallback(cbExamineMbox, proto
)
def cbExamineMbox(result, proto):
"""
Callback invoked when examine command completes.
Retrieve the subject header of every message in the mailbox.
"""
return proto.fetchSpecific('1:*',
headerType='HEADER.FIELDS',
headerArgs=['SUBJECT'],
).addCallback(cbFetch, proto
)
def cbFetch(result, proto):
"""
Finally, display headers.
"""
if result:
keys = result.keys()
keys.sort()
for k in keys:
proto.display('%s %s' % (k, result[k][0][2]))
else:
print "Hey, an empty mailbox!"
return proto.logout()
def cbClose(result):
"""
Close the connection when we finish everything.
"""
from twisted.internet import reactor
reactor.stop()
def main():
hostname = raw_input('IMAP4 Server Hostname: ')
port = raw_input('IMAP4 Server Port (the default is 143, 993 uses SSL): ')
username = raw_input('IMAP4 Username: ')
password = util.getPassword('IMAP4 Password: ')
onConn = defer.Deferred(
).addCallback(cbServerGreeting, username, password
).addErrback(ebConnection
).addBoth(cbClose)
factory = SimpleIMAP4ClientFactory(username, onConn)
from twisted.internet import reactor
if port == '993':
reactor.connectSSL(hostname, int(port), factory, ssl.ClientContextFactory())
else:
if not port:
port = 143
reactor.connectTCP(hostname, int(port), factory)
reactor.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
接下来，当你在检查的 IMAP 文件夹中发现新邮件时，你只需要在一个子进程中调用你的 Python 脚本... 在这里，你也可以使用 Twisted 的进程处理功能，具体可以参考这里的文档： https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/13.0.0/core/howto/process.html
祝你好运！