Python中的POST请求返回urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP错误400：错误请求

Question

我正在尝试通过Zendesk的核心API创建新的组织。我已经能够顺利进行其他操作，但这个操作一直失败。下面的代码展示了这个问题：

url = "https://mydomain.zendesk.com/api/v2/organizations.json"
new_org = {"organization": {"name": "new organization"}}
data = urllib.urlencode(new_org)
req = urllib2.Request(url,data)
password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
password_manager.add_password(None, url, 'me@email.com', 'fakepassword')
auth_manager = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth_manager)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
bla = response.read()

出现了以下错误：

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/network/nfshome0/homestore00/me/workspace/Pythony/pythony/test2.py", line   35, in <module>
    response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen
    return _opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 406, in open
    response = meth(req, response)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 519, in http_response
    'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 438, in error
    result = self._call_chain(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 378, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 890, in http_error_401
    url, req, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 865, in http_error_auth_reqed
    response = self.retry_http_basic_auth(host, req, realm)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 878, in retry_http_basic_auth
    return self.parent.open(req, timeout=req.timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 406, in open
    response = meth(req, response)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 519, in http_response
    'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 444, in error
    return self._call_chain(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 378, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 527, in http_error_default
    raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request

任何帮助都会非常感谢！谢谢。

Answer 1

你的问题跟使用 urllib.urlencode 有关。正如文档所说，这个函数会：

把一个映射对象或者一系列包含两个元素的元组转换成一个“百分号编码”的字符串。

Zendesk 组织 API 期望在请求的主体中接收到 JSON 数据。如果你的请求格式不对，Zendesk 就无法理解。这就是为什么你会收到 400 状态码的原因。关于状态码的维基百科页面上描述了 400 状态码的意思是：

服务器无法或不愿意处理请求，因为被认为是客户端错误的某些原因（例如，请求语法错误、无效的请求消息格式，或者欺骗性的请求路由）。

虽然你可以通过正确地在请求中包含数据来解决这个问题，比如这样：

req = urllib2.Request(url, json.dumps(new_org))

但如果你使用requests库，真的可以省下很多麻烦。我没有办法访问 Zendesk 来测试这个，但我怀疑你的代码可以改写成：

import requests

new_org = {"organization": {"name": "new organization"}}
response = requests.post(
    "https://mydomain.zendesk.com/api/v2/organizations.json",
    auth=('me@email.com', 'fakepassword'),
    data=new_org
)
data = response.json()