如何在Python中从Perforce检出文件？

Question

我想用Python写一些脚本，自动修改源代码。如果脚本发现需要更改文件，我希望能先从Perforce（一个版本控制工具）中把文件取出来。我不太在意什么时候把修改后的文件提交回去，因为我总是想先进行构建和测试。

Answer 1

在另一个回答中提到的Perforce的P4 Python模块是个不错的选择。不过，如果你不能安装这个模块，也可以使用-G这个选项来帮助解析p4.exe的输出结果：

p4 [ options ] command [ arg ... ]
    options:
            -c client -C charset -d dir -H host -G -L language
            -p port -P pass -s -Q charset -u user -x file
    The -G flag causes all output (and batch input for form commands
    with -i) to be formatted as marshalled Python dictionary objects.

Answer 2

这是我想到的：

import os

def CreateNewChangeList(description):
    "Create a new changelist and returns the changelist number as a string"
    p4in, p4out = os.popen2("p4 changelist -i")
    p4in.write("change: new\n")
    p4in.write("description: " + description)
    p4in.close()
    changelist = p4out.readline().split()[1]
    return changelist

def OpenFileForEdit(file, changelist = ""):
    "Open a file for edit, if a changelist is passed in then open it in that list"
    cmd = "p4 edit "
    if changelist:
        cmd += " -c " + changelist + " "
    ret = os.popen(cmd + file).readline().strip()
    if not ret.endswith("opened for edit"):
        print "Couldn't open", file, "for edit:"
        print ret
        raise ValueError

Answer 3

Perforce提供了Python的封装，可以让你在Windows上使用他们的C/C++工具，其他平台则提供源代码。

你可以在这里找到相关信息：http://www.perforce.com/perforce/loadsupp.html#api

他们的脚本API文档会对你很有帮助：

http://www.perforce.com/perforce/doc.current/manuals/p4script/p4script.pdf

使用Python API的方式和命令行客户端非常相似：

PythonWin 2.5.1 (r251:54863, May  1 2007, 17:47:05) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32.
Portions Copyright 1994-2006 Mark Hammond - see 'Help/About PythonWin' for further copyright information.
>>> import P4
>>> p4 = P4.P4()
>>> p4.connect() # connect to the default server, with the default clientspec
>>> desc = {"Description": "My new changelist description",
...         "Change": "new"
...         }
>>> p4.input = desc
>>> p4.run("changelist", "-i")
['Change 2579505 created.']
>>> 

我会从命令行验证一下：

P:\>p4 changelist -o 2579505
# A Perforce Change Specification.
#
#  Change:      The change number. 'new' on a new changelist.
#  Date:        The date this specification was last modified.
#  Client:      The client on which the changelist was created.  Read-only.
#  User:        The user who created the changelist.
#  Status:      Either 'pending' or 'submitted'. Read-only.
#  Description: Comments about the changelist.  Required.
#  Jobs:        What opened jobs are to be closed by this changelist.
#               You may delete jobs from this list.  (New changelists only.)
#  Files:       What opened files from the default changelist are to be added
#               to this changelist.  You may delete files from this list.
#               (New changelists only.)

Change: 2579505

Date:   2008/10/08 13:57:02

Client: MYCOMPUTER-DT

User:   myusername

Status: pending

Description:
        My new changelist description