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无法在Python中导入zmq（安装问题）

5 投票
4 回答
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提问于 2025-04-17 20:53

我在我的MacBook上（OSX 10.9.1）似乎无法安装pyzmq。

我第一次尝试运行：

sudo pip install pyzmq

结果出现了一个错误，说找不到libzmq，并且它似乎在尝试编译捆绑的版本：

jono@air:~ $ sudo pip install pyzmq
Password:
Downloading/unpacking pyzmq
  Downloading pyzmq-14.0.1.tar.gz (867kB): 867kB downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package pyzmq

    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/build'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/gh-pages'
    warning: no directories found matching 'bundled/uuid'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/uuid/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/zeromq/src/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/zeromq/src/platform.hpp'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'setup.cfg'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'zmq/libzmq*'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '__pycache__/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.deps/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyd' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.mailmap' found anywhere in distribution
Installing collected packages: pyzmq
  Running setup.py install for pyzmq
    Did not find libzmq via pkg-config:
    Package libzmq was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libzmq.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    No package 'libzmq' found

    xcrun clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -c build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/check_sys_un.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/check_sys_un.o
    xcrun clang -undefined dynamic_lookup build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/check_sys_un.o -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/check_sys_un
    Configure: Autodetecting ZMQ settings...
        Custom ZMQ dir:
    ************************************************
    xcrun clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Izmq/utils -Izmq/backend/cython -Izmq/devices -c build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/vers.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/vers.o
    build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/vers.c:4:10: fatal error: 'zmq.h' file not found
    #include "zmq.h"
             ^
    1 error generated.

    error: command 'xcrun' failed with exit status 1

    Failed with default libzmq, trying again with /usr/local
    Configure: Autodetecting ZMQ settings...
        Custom ZMQ dir:       /usr/local
    ************************************************
    xcrun clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/usr/local/include -Izmq/utils -Izmq/backend/cython -Izmq/devices -c build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/vers.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/vers.o
    build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/scratch/vers.c:4:10: fatal error: 'zmq.h' file not found
    #include "zmq.h"
             ^
    1 error generated.

    error: command 'xcrun' failed with exit status 1

    Warning: Failed to build or run libzmq detection test.

    If you expected pyzmq to link against an installed libzmq, please check to make sure:

        * You have a C compiler installed
        * A development version of Python is installed (including headers)
        * A development version of ZMQ >= 2.1.4 is installed (including headers)
        * If ZMQ is not in a default location, supply the argument --zmq=<path>
        * If you did recently install ZMQ to a default location,
          try rebuilding the ld cache with `sudo ldconfig`
          or specify zmq's location with `--zmq=/usr/local`

    If you expected to get a binary install (egg), we have those for
    current Pythons on OS X and Windows. These can be installed with
    easy_install, but PIP DOES NOT SUPPORT EGGS.

    You can skip all this detection/waiting nonsense if you know
    you want pyzmq to bundle libzmq as an extension by passing:

        `--zmq=bundled`

    I will now try to build libzmq as a Python extension
    unless you interrupt me (^C) in the next 10 seconds...

    ************************************************
 1...
    Using bundled libzmq
    already have bundled/zeromq
    attempting ./configure to generate platform.hpp
    Warning: failed to configure libzmq:
    /bin/sh: ./configure: No such file or directory

    staging platform.hpp from: buildutils/include_darwin
    ************************************************
    cc -c /tmp/crypto_box_keypairpmO9ft.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/tmp/crypto_box_keypairpmO9ft.o
    /tmp/crypto_box_keypairpmO9ft.c:1:1: warning: type specifier missing, defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int]
    main (int argc, char **argv) {
    ^~~~
    /tmp/crypto_box_keypairpmO9ft.c:2:5: warning: implicit declaration of function 'crypto_box_keypair' is invalid in C99 [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
        crypto_box_keypair();
        ^
    2 warnings generated.
    cc build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/tmp/crypto_box_keypairpmO9ft.o -lsodium -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/a.out
    ld: library not found for -lsodium
    clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
    Warning: libsodium not found, zmq.CURVE security will be unavailable
    ************************************************
    building 'zmq.libzmq' extension
    xcrun clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Ibundled/zeromq/include -Ibundled -I/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c buildutils/initlibzmq.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/buildutils/initlibzmq.o
...
... (lots more compiling)
...
    xcrun clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/zmq/backend/cython/utils.o -o build/lib.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/zmq/backend/cython/utils.so

    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/build'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/gh-pages'
    warning: no directories found matching 'bundled/uuid'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/uuid/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/zeromq/src/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'setup.cfg'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'zmq/libzmq*'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '__pycache__/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.deps/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyd' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.mailmap' found anywhere in distribution
Successfully installed pyzmq
Cleaning up...

但是这样做没有成功：

jono@air:~ $ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Mar 15 2013, 22:53:11) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 4.2 (clang-425.0.27)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import zmq
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
    _libzmq = ctypes.CDLL(bundled[0], mode=ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.py", line 365, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: dlopen(/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/libzmq.so, 10): Symbol not found: __ZNSiD0Ev
  Referenced from: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/libzmq.so
  Expected in: flat namespace
 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/libzmq.so
>>>

所以我理解安装过程中出现的错误是因为没有libzmq。根据这个链接的说明：https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq/wiki/Building-and-Installing-PyZMQ，我卸载了它，然后尝试：

jono@air:~ $ brew install zeromq
==> Downloading http://download.zeromq.org/zeromq-3.2.3.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Patching
patching file tests/test_disconnect_inproc.cpp
==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/zeromq/3.2.3
==> make
==> make install
==> Caveats
To install the zmq gem on 10.6 with the system Ruby on a 64-bit machine,
you may need to do:

    ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install zmq -- --with-zmq-dir=/usr/local/opt/zeromq
==> Summary
  /usr/local/Cellar/zeromq/3.2.3: 54 files, 2.4M, built in 52 seconds

接着又运行了：

jono@air:~ $ sudo pip install pyzmq
Password:
Downloading/unpacking pyzmq
  Running setup.py egg_info for package pyzmq

    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/build'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/gh-pages'
    warning: no directories found matching 'bundled/uuid'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/uuid/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/zeromq/src/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'setup.cfg'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'zmq/libzmq*'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '__pycache__/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.deps/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyd' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.mailmap' found anywhere in distribution
Installing collected packages: pyzmq
  Running setup.py install for pyzmq
    Using bundled libzmq
    already have bundled/zeromq
    already have platform.hpp
    ************************************************
    cc -c /tmp/crypto_box_keypairLbTEQR.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/tmp/crypto_box_keypairLbTEQR.o
    /tmp/crypto_box_keypairLbTEQR.c:1:1: warning: type specifier missing, defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int]
    main (int argc, char **argv) {
    ^~~~
    /tmp/crypto_box_keypairLbTEQR.c:2:5: warning: implicit declaration of function 'crypto_box_keypair' is invalid in C99 [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
        crypto_box_keypair();
        ^
    2 warnings generated.
    cc build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/tmp/crypto_box_keypairLbTEQR.o -lsodium -o build/temp.macosx-10.8-x86_64-2.7/a.out
    ld: library not found for -lsodium
    clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
    Warning: libsodium not found, zmq.CURVE security will be unavailable
    ************************************************

    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/build'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/gh-pages'
    warning: no directories found matching 'bundled/uuid'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/uuid/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'bundled/zeromq/src/Makefile*'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'setup.cfg'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'zmq/libzmq*'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '__pycache__/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.deps/*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyd' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.DS_Store' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.mailmap' found anywhere in distribution
Successfully installed pyzmq
Cleaning up...

但我一直收到这个错误：

>>> import zmq
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
    _libzmq = ctypes.CDLL(bundled[0], mode=ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.py", line 365, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: dlopen(/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/libzmq.so, 10): Symbol not found: __ZNSiD0Ev
  Referenced from: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/libzmq.so
  Expected in: flat namespace
 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zmq/libzmq.so

无论我做什么，都是这样。

编译错误 开发环境 依赖管理 macos 安装问题 软件包安装 pyzmq libzmq

4 个回答

0

我觉得问题出在你安装的Python是用“--enable-unicode=ucs4”这个选项编译的。

>>> import sysconfig
>>> sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_UNICODE_SIZE')
>>> 4

如果你使用的是pyenv，这里有一个关于如何重新编译Python的解决方案，详细信息可以查看这个链接：https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv/issues/257#issuecomment-195836492。

$pyenv uninstall 2.7.11
$PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-unicode=ucs2" pyenv install 2.7.11

然后你需要重新创建你的虚拟环境，并重新安装每一个包……

回答于 2025-04-17 由 Python大师
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0

我花了很多时间在这个问题上，最后这个方法对我有效：

  • brew install zeromq 这条命令可以用来安装一个叫做zeromq的工具。

  • 接下来，你需要找到一个叫做 libzmq.pc 的文件的位置（比如在我的情况下，它的位置是：Applications/Canopy.app/appdata/canopy-1.4.1.1975.macosx-x86_64/Canopy.app/Contents/lib/pkgconfig）。

  • 然后执行：

    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=<path_found_above>

    在我的例子中：

    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/Applications/Canopy.app/appdata/canopy-1.4.1.1975.macosx-x86_64/Canopy.app/Contents/lib/pkgconfig
回答于 2025-04-17 由 Python大师
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0

我在使用OSX/MacPorts的时候遇到了类似的ImportError错误，后来我用sudo port install zeromq命令安装了ZeroMQ库，这个问题就解决了。

回答于 2025-04-17 由 Python大师
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9

经过很多努力，我回归基础，终于让它正常工作了，方法是：

从源代码构建，使用：

brew install zeromq
...
python setup.py configure --zmq=/usr/local/Cellar/zeromq/4.0.3/
...
sudo python setup.py install
...

或者

sudo port install 
...

我不知道为什么标准的方法不管用，但至少我现在能用pyzmq了 :)

回答于 2025-04-17 由 Python大师
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