Mule与ActiveMQ在Python中的比较
我需要管理几个服务器、网络服务和应用服务器（比如Apache和Tomcat），还要进行一些管理操作，比如启动、停止和安装软件。
我想用Python来做这些，因为C++看起来太复杂了，做这个任务效率不高。我不太确定该用什么中间件。ActiveMQ和Mule看起来是不错的选择，虽然它们是用Java写的。我对ActiveMQ了解得比较多，而对ESB了解得很少。
有没有什么建议？Python有没有合适的选项？
我看到有Beanstalk，但感觉太简单了，不够灵活。我需要一个消息系统来进行协调，还需要一种方法把tar.gz文件（软件包）发送到服务器上。
我希望能有一个原生支持Python的消息解决方案。
1 个回答
1
一个示例Python脚本，用于管理多个远程服务器上的各种服务：
接下来是一个简单拼凑的脚本，可以用来管理你有SSH访问权限的服务器上的各种服务。
最好先启动一个ssh-agent，不然你会不停地输入密码。
对于那些需要在远程机器上以管理员身份执行的命令，你会看到使用了“sudo”。这意味着你需要在每台远程机器上修改sudoers文件，添加类似这样的条目（假设你的用户名是 deploy）：
Defaults:deploy !requiretty
Defaults:deploy !authenticate
deploy ALL=\
/sbin/service httpd status,\
/sbin/service httpd configtest,\
/sbin/service httpd graceful
前两行允许 deploy 用户在没有tty（终端）或重新输入密码的情况下运行 sudo，这意味着可以直接通过ssh运行，而不需要进一步输入。下面是一个示例Python命令，展示如何在远程机器上使用 sudo：
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'sudo /sbin/service httpd graceful'))
总之，这并不是对你问题的“直接”回答，而是一个例子，说明你可以多么轻松地使用Python和其他一些技术，创建一个完全符合你特定需求的系统管理工具。
顺便提一下，下面的脚本会“清楚地告诉你”如果任何命令返回的状态码大于0，这样你就可以自己分析输出。
这个脚本是在我参与的一个项目开始使用负载均衡器时拼凑出来的，那时在每台服务器上运行所有命令已经不再合理。你可以修改或扩展这个脚本，让它与rsync配合使用来部署文件，甚至可以用来更新你在远程服务器上托管的脚本，以“完成工作”。
#!/usr/bin/python
from optparse import OptionParser
import subprocess
import sys
def die(sMessage):
print
print sMessage
print
sys.exit(2)
###################################################################################################
# Settings
# The user@host: for the SourceURLs (NO TRAILING SLASH)
RemoteUsers = [
"deploy@ac10.example.com",
"deploy@ac11.example.com",
]
###################################################################################################
# Global Variables
# optparse.Parser instance
Parser = None
# optparse.Values instance full of command line options
Opt = None
# List of command line arguments
Arg = None
###################################################################################################
Parser = OptionParser(usage="%prog [options] [Command[, Subcommand]]")
Parser.add_option("--interactive",
dest = "Interactive",
action = "store_true",
default = False,
help = "Ask before doing each operation."
)
# Parse command line
Opt, Arg = Parser.parse_args()
def HelpAndExit():
print "This command is used to run commands on the application servers."
print
print "Usage:"
print " deploy-control [--interactive] Command"
print
print "Options:"
print " --interactive :: will ask before executing each operation"
print
print "Servers:"
for s in RemoteUsers: print " " + s
print
print "Web Server Commands:"
print " deploy-control httpd status"
print " deploy-control httpd configtest"
print " deploy-control httpd graceful"
print " deploy-control loadbalancer in"
print " deploy-control loadbalancer out"
print
print "App Server Commands:"
print " deploy-control 6x6server status"
print " deploy-control 6x6server stop"
print " deploy-control 6x6server start"
print " deploy-control 6x6server status"
print " deploy-control wb4server stop"
print " deploy-control wb4server start"
print " deploy-control wb4server restart"
print " deploy-control wb4server restart"
print
print "System Commands:"
print " deploy-control disk usage"
print " deploy-control uptime"
print
sys.exit(2)
def YesNo(sPrompt):
while True:
s = raw_input(sPrompt)
if s in ('y', 'yes'):
return True
elif s in ('n', 'no'):
return False
else:
print "Invalid input!"
# Implicitly verified below in if/else
Command = tuple(Arg)
if Command in (('help',), ()):
HelpAndExit()
ResultList = []
###################################################################################################
for UH in RemoteUsers:
print "-"*80
print "Running %s command on: %s" % (Command, UH)
if Opt.Interactive and not YesNo("Do you want to run this command? "):
print "Skipping!"
print
continue
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if Command == ('httpd', 'configtest'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'sudo /sbin/service httpd configtest'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('httpd', 'graceful'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'sudo /sbin/service httpd graceful'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('httpd', 'status'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'sudo /sbin/service httpd status'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('loadbalancer', 'in'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/loadbalancer-in'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('loadbalancer', 'out'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/loadbalancer-out'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('disk', 'usage'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'df -h'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('uptime',):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'uptime'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('6x6server', 'status'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/6x6server-status'))
if CommandResult > 0:
print "Servers not running!!!"
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('6x6server', 'stop'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/6x6server-stop'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('6x6server', 'start'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/6x6server-start'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('6x6server', 'restart'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/6x6server-restart'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('wb4server', 'status'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/wb4server-status'))
if CommandResult > 0:
print "Servers not running!!!"
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('wb4server', 'stop'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/wb4server-stop'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('wb4server', 'start'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/wb4server-start'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
elif Command == ('wb4server', 'restart'):
CommandResult = subprocess.call(('ssh', UH, 'bin-slave/wb4server-restart'))
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
else:
print
print "#"*80
print
print "Error: invalid command"
print
HelpAndExit()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ResultList.append(CommandResult)
print
###################################################################################################
if any(ResultList):
print "#"*80
print "#"*80
print "#"*80
print
print "ERRORS FOUND. SEE ABOVE"
print
sys.exit(0)
else:
print "-"*80
print
print "Looks OK!"
print
sys.exit(1)